Optimal PI-settings are derived for first-order with delay processes for specified levels of robustness (Ms-value) and compared with the simple SIMC-rule. Optimality (performance) is defined in terms of the integrated absolute error (IAE) of the output for combined step changes in setpoints and input disturbances. With SIMC, the robustness level is adjusted by changing the tuning parameter τc, ...

This work presents an optimized method for the determination of multiple samples containing 90Sr when its daughter 90Y is measured after chemical separation and in sequence, i.e. during its decay. Consequently the measurement times will increase for each subsequent sample, since there has been a longer time for decay before measurement. Compared to a previously published approach, when 90Y is m...

BACKGROUND The incidence of atrial fibrillation (AF) increases with aging, but the aging-associated electrophysiological changes of atrial myocardium are poorly understood. METHODS AND RESULTS Based on the hypothesis that aging of the atrium enhances AF susceptibility, 30 Wistar rats were divided into 3 age groups: adult, middle-aged, and aged (n=20 per group). Their hearts were isolated and ...

Normative data from 24 right-handed and 24 left-handed subjects were obtained for the dichotic consonant-vowel (CV) materials (pa, ta, ka, ba, da, and ga) recorded on the Veterans Affairs (VA) compact disc (CD) Tonal and Speech Materials for Auditory Perceptual Assessment, Disc 1.0. Identification performance by the two subject groups was significantly different. With the right-handed subjects,...