Neural crest cells arise from the border of the neural plate and epidermal ectoderm,migrate extensively and differentiate into diverse cell types during vertebrate embryogenesis. Althoughmuch has been learnt about growth factor signals and gene regulatory networks that regulate neural crest development, limited information is available on how epigenetic mechanisms control this process. In this ...

Diphyllobothrium latum infection in human is not common in China and only 15 cases have been reported since 1927. We document a case of Diphyllobothrium latum infection caused by the ingestion of raw fish in a 23-year-old woman in Dalian (Liaoning Province), and diphyllobothriasis latum in China is briefly reviewed. The patient experienced abdominal discomfort for about 6 months with a history ...

In everyday life, people adaptively prepare for the future by simulating dynamic events about impending interactions with people, objects and locations. Previous research has consistently demonstrated that a distributed network of frontal–parietal–temporal brain regions supports this ubiquitous mental activity. Nonetheless, little is known about the manner in which specific regions of this netw...

Children's School Placement in Germany: Does Kindergarten Attendance Matter? The positive effects of early childhood programs on children's school success have been demonstrated in the literature. However, most studies were completed in the U.S.A., where early childhood programs vary widely, based on differing auspice, regulation, cost, and other factors. In European countries, early childhood ...

Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) was used to examine the nature of amygdala sensitivity to race. Both African-American and Caucasian-American individuals showed greater amygdala activity to African-American targets than to Caucasian-American targets, suggesting that race-related amygdala activity may result from cultural learning rather than from the novelty of other races. Addition...

Adaptive muting method using an optimized parametric shaping function as a part of the ITU-T G.722 Appendix IV packet loss concealment algorithm is proposed. The packet loss concealment algorithm incorporating an adaptive muting scheme is known to prevent the generation of unpleasant sounds during packet loss concealment. However, original muting uses a piece-wise linear muting curve according ...

Tick-borne diseases are often encountered in canine clinical practice. In the present study, a molecular epidemiological survey of dogs in Japan was conducted to understand the prevalence and geographical distribution of Babesia spp., Hepatozoon spp., Ehrlichia spp. and Anaplasma spp. Pathogen-derived DNA in blood samples obtained from 722 dogs with a history of exposure to ticks and/or fleas w...

Super wideband (SWB) communication calls more and more attention as can be seen by the standardization activities of SWB extensions for well-established wideband codecs, e.g. G.722 or G.711.1. This paper presents a technical solution for extending the G.722 codec and compares the new technology to other standardized SWB codecs. Hereby, a closer look is given on the concept of extending technolo...

The G.722 wideband speech codec offers higher quality and better naturalness than G.711, is low in complexity, has low delay, and tandems well with other codecs. This makes it an attractive codec for Voice over IP and Voice over Wireless LANs. However, loss of a G.722 coded speech frame results in a mismatch of the encoder/decoder states that affects the decoding of subsequent correctly receive...