in this study, 27 achaemenid coins, 62 parthian coins, 66 sassanid coins, have been analyzed. the achaemenid coins as well as 20 parthian coins belong to the national museum of iran and the other 42 parthian coins are kept in tamashagah-e pool museum. sasanid coins belong to private collectors. using pixe analysis, the element concentrations of the coins were measured. by using statistical anal...

the sassanid rulers’ endeavor to establish an empire led to a substantial change in the previous ruling system and to the foundation of a new order. the founders of the empire enjoyed the legacy of parthian and other preceding rules. they were fully acquainted with the concept of sh?hansh?hi (‘king of kings’) which aroused in parthian and other preceding rules on the one hand, and with zoroastr...

buddhist temples in balkh and the portrait of buddha on sassanid coins imply buddhism’s spread to khorāsān, one of the originating places of sufism. contiguity and frequent travels between islamic and buddhist regions also caused the promulgation of the buddhist beliefs and customs which influenced sufism teachings in that area. in particular, the khorāsāni narrative of ibrahim adham story show...

with the eight sassanians reliefs, naghsh-e rustam in marvdasht is a prominent complex safeguarding a complete collection of the sassanian period. seven of these reliefs have been repeatedly the subject of investigations thanks to their relatively better conditions. the fifth relief, however, has not yet been studied due to their damaged status. it depicts the full-face portrait of a sassanid k...

This paper has studied the game rules, victory or defeat rules, and the key techniques of Dots-and-Boxes, and has designed and realized one 6×6 Dots-and-Boxes based on the representing method of Strings and Coins. By corresponding Dots-and-Boxes chessboard to strings and coins chessboard, the proposed representing method is not only intuitive and convenient in chessboard representation, but als...

always on kingdom history of the world a king without a crown is unconceivable. the persian kings were not exception of this rule. iranian ancient kings crown as one of the aspects of the monarchy and power, the image of king while makes he distinguishes from other persons is visible in various artistic works. one of the important artistic works that image of iran’s kings with their power symbo...

CONTEXT Children frequently ingest coins. When lodged in the esophagus, the coin may cause complications and must either be removed or observed to pass spontaneously. OBJECTIVES (1) To compare relatively immediate endoscopic removal to a period of observation followed by removal when necessary and (2) to evaluate the relationship between select clinical features and spontaneous passage. DES...