The type VI secretion system (T6SS) is a virulence factor for many Gram-negative bacteria. Salmonella genus harbors five phylogenetically distinct T6SS loci encoded in Salmonella Pathogenicity Islands (SPIs) SPI-6, SPI-19, SPI-20, SPI-21 and SPI-22, which are differentially distributed among serotypes. The T6SSs encoded in SPI-6 and SPI-19 contribute to pathogenesis of serotypes Typhimurium and...

Climate change has caused droughts to increase in frequency and severity worldwide, which attracted scientists create drought prediction models mitigate the impacts of droughts. One most important challenges addressing is developing accurate predict their discrete characteristics, i.e., occurrence, duration, severity. The current research examined performance several different machine learning ...

Human proteinase inhibitor 9 (PI-9/serpinB9) and the murine ortholog, serine proteinase inhibitor 6 (SPI-6/serpinb9) are members of a family of intracellular serine proteinase inhibitors (serpins). PI-9 and SPI-6 expression in immune-privileged cells, APCs, and CTLs protects these cells against the actions of granzyme B, and when expressed in tumor cells or virally infected hepatocytes, confers...

Tumors have several mechanisms to escape from the immune system. One of these involves expression of intracellular anticytotoxic proteins that modulate the execution of cell death. Previously, we have shown that the serine protease inhibitor (serpin) SPI-6, which inactivates the cytotoxic protease granzyme B (GrB), is capable of preventing cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL)-mediated apoptosis. Despit...

Serine protease inhibitor 6 (SPI-6), also called Serpinb9, inhibits granzyme B and thus may provide a method for delaying apoptotic cell death in dendritic cells. We have previously enhanced DNA vaccine potency by targeting antigen to MHC antigen presentation pathways, using proteins such as Mycobacterium tuberculosis heat shock protein 70, calreticulin, domain II of Pseudomonas aeruginosa exot...

Two experiments were conducted to test the effect of casein and soy protein isolate (SPI) on the nutritional status of vitamin B(6) in rats. Adult Long-Evans rats were fed with a casein or SPI diet at a 40% protein level with (control) or without (B(6)-deficient) 7 mg of pyridoxine/kg diet. Vitamin-B(6)-deficient rats were depleted of B(6) with (experiment 1) or without (experiment 2) deoxypyri...

Fifty-eight men at high risk of prostate cancer or with low-grade prostate cancer were randomly assigned to consume 1 of 3 protein isolates containing 40 g protein: 1) soy protein (SPI+, 107 mg isoflavones/d); 2) alcohol-washed soy protein (SPI-, <6 mg isoflavones/d); or 3) milk protein (MPI). Proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA), epidermal growth factor receptor, B-cell non-Hodgkin lympho...

Berry, Susan A., Pearl L. Bergad, Allison M. Stolz, Howard C. Towle, and Sarah Jane Schwarzenberg. Regulation of Spi 2.1 and 2.2 gene expression after turpentine inflammation: discordant responses to IL-6. Am. J. Physiol. 276 (Cell Physiol. 45): C1374–C1382, 1999.—The rat serine protease inhibitor (Spi) 2 gene family includes both positive (Spi 2.2) and negative (Spi 2.1) acute phase reactants,...

Dendritic cells (DCs) play a central role in the immune system as they drive activation of T lymphocytes by cognate interactions. However, as DCs express high levels of major histocompatibility complex class I, this intimate contact may also result in elimination of DCs by activated cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) and thereby limit induction of immunity. We show here that immature DCs are indeed...

This paper focus on the drought monitoring and forecasting for semi-arid region based various machine learning models SPI index. Drought phenomena are crucial role in agriculture drinking purposes area. In this study, Standardized Precipitation Index (SPI) was used to predicted future upper Godavari River basin, India. We have selected ten input combinations of ML model were prediction three ti...