This paper develops dynamic structural models --an option value model and a dynamic programming model-of the Social Security Disability Insurance (SSDI) application decision. We estimate the time to application from the point at which a health condition first begins to affect the kind or amount of work that a currently employed person can do. We use the Health and Retirement Study (HRS) augment...

The importance of particle identification Physics measurements often depend on the efficiency and the purity of an event ensemble, and the efficiency is a product of several small efficiencies for the isolation and identification of each event feature. The 4th detector has been designed from the beginning with particle identification in mind, knowing that we may be seeking small signals and tha...

The efficiency of ink separation in the process of waste paper recycling depends among other things on the ink properties, kind of the substrate, the printing techniques and the printing conditions. Chemical deinking flotation does not efficiently remove water based flexographic inks, UV ink and varnish, ElectroInk and some toners from digital printed paper. The use of enzymes could be an alter...

two vessels from different sites of the iranian plateau, dating to the late 4th or early 3rd millennium bce are presented aspalaeotechnological case studies. in the fractures of the vessels’ walls, interfaces left by added clay parts (enhanced inthe two illustrations) are quite recognizable. it is proposed that in both cases potters, in order to construct the bases, usedto make bowls comparable...

In their preface to the fourth edition of Psychiatric Diagnosis, authors Goodwin and Guze are clear on the limitations of their work: there is little "theory" or "speculation" nor any unproved claims in this review of a dozen psychiatric diagnoses. While this approach leaves a straightforward and complete compendium of current knowledge, it also handicaps the work. Like other texts, it provides...

Annuities provide insurance against outliving one’s wealth. Previous studies have indicated that, for many households, the value of the longevity insurance should outweigh the actuarial unfairness of prices in the voluntary annuity market. Nonetheless, voluntary annuitization rates are extremely low. The proportion of the financial assets of elderly households that is compulsorily annuitized is...