the study was consequently investigated effect of different tanning methods on apparent density, thickness, tensile strength and also extension percentage in three different tanning (chromic, alum and vegetable) of grown part of ostrich skins (n = 15; 12 to 14 months). average apparent density and thickness of leathers were 0.7 ± 0.0gr/cm2 and 1.7 ± 0.1 mm, respectively. the breaking load, tens...

Ecological pressures on chromium have now forced the leather industry to look for possible alternatives. A vegetablealuminum combination tannage has been studied, with special attention being given to intended final product. Aluminum is mineral tanning agents that are widely used to stabilize collagens in the leather industry. In this study, the crosslinking of vegetable and aluminum, with coll...

vegetable tannins are the main factor of tanning in historical leathers. the identification of tannins in vegetable tanned leathers is not only importantin determining chemical characterization, production technology and structural nature of the leather, but it is also efficient at the evaluation of new vegetable tannins for conservation purposes. previous studies have also shown that chemical ...

Solid state ¹³C-NMR spectra of pure tannin powders from four different sources--mimosa, quebracho, chestnut and tara--are readily distinguishable from each other, both in pure commercial powder form, and in leather which they have been used to tan. Groups of signals indicative of the source, and type (condensed vs. hydrolyzable) of tannin used in the manufacture are well resolved in the spectra...

Chrome salt utilization in tanning industry become spread over the world owing to its preferred quality leather industry. However, Environmental concerns of chromium have shifted interest current research metal-free and friendly processing options. Vegetable tanning, been proven be environmentally safe manageable, while producing good with similar characteristics as that tanned leather. So, obj...

Surface charge and isoelectric point of leather play an important role in the production of leather. However, a precise and rapid method for the determination of leather surface charge and isoelectric point is unavailable nowadays due to the complexity of the structure of leather, especially for chromefree tanned leather. Therefore, it is necessary to develop a quantitative determination method...

Traditional tanning practices often result in harmful waste products that pose significant environmental risks, including water pollution, non-biodegradable solids, hazardous emissions, and unpleasant odors. However, this study introduces a simple effective alternative method for industrial-scale vegetable tanning, with the goal of minimizing pollution. This innovative eliminates use common sal...

Environmental issues are nowadays the prime concern worldwide for leather industries due to chrome containing solid and liquid wastes generated from tannery. Therefore, experts being encouraged in exploring alternative tanning agents. This study aimed at applying a novel vegetable agent extracted Xylocarpus granatum barks production of semi-chrome (SC) retanned (CR) leathers reduce chromium use...

The major technical challenge of vegetable tanning is to improve the higher wear-comfort, leather strength and water resistance efficiency in daily necessities products, aiming as an alternative chrome tanning. demonstration has been made by indigenous bovine fat Tanoak tree (Notholithocarpus densiflorus) bark-wood extract for usage process a new kind stuffing technique first time. tannin conte...

To investigate the characteristics of skin and leather of hairy goats according to their sex and age, 120 goat skins were selected from the western part of Iran. Results indicated that sex and age had significant effects on weight and area of skin and leather. Moreover, sex and age had significant effects on thickness in different parts of skin except the belly. In this regard, the overall mean...