This study was designed to estimate a correlation between metabolic activation phenotypes and formation of DNA adducts by heterocyclic amines (HCA) in 15 liver samples from healthy donors. The correlation between the amount of endogenous DNA adducts and the content of cytochrome P450 in human liver samples in vivo was statistically significant at r = 0.71 and P < 0.005. Furthermore, the isolate...

This experiment investigates various methods of determining the delay in CMOS gates. Direct measurement, ring oscillator and simulation methods are used and compared. A stroboscopic pulse generator was also examined during the experiment. Finally, the effects of supply voltage and output load on gate delay were examined. LOW Input (pin 3) Square wave input (pin 39) Output (pin 5) Square wave in...

Respiratory viral infections are known for serious economic losses in ruminants. Bovine parainfluenza 3 virus (bPI-3V) a member of Respirovirus genus in association with other respiratory viruses causes respiratory disease complex in ruminants. The aim of this study was to estimate the seroprevalence of bPI-3V in non vaccinated cattle, sheep and goats from Grenada. Sera were collected randomly ...

Glucokinase (GK) is hypothesized to be the critical glucosensor of pancreatic beta-cells and hypothalamic glucosensing neurons. To understand the role of GK in glucoprivic counterregulatory responses, we injected alloxan, a GK inhibitor and toxin, into the third ventricle (3v) to target nearby GK-expressing neurons. Four and 6 days after 3v, but not 4v, alloxan injection, alloxan-treated rats a...

Background. Although the benchmark in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis remains methotrexate, only 70% of patients respond. Thus, there is a need for predictive biomarkers. This study planned to evaluate serum levels of myeloid progenitor inhibitory factor-1 (MPIF-1) and monocyte chemoattractant protein 2 (MCP-2)-as biomarkers. Methods. Patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) having high di...

Hindbrain projections of oxytocin neurons in the parvocellular paraventricular nucleus (pPVN) are hypothesized to transmit leptin signaling from the hypothalamus to the nucleus of the solitary tract (NTS), where satiety signals from the gastrointestinal tract are received. Using immunocytochemistry, we found that an anorectic dose of leptin administered into the third ventricle (3V) increased t...

The 3v method has been proven to be very useful for determining the thermal conductivity of thin films and their substrates. Several simplifications are often used in determining the thermal conductivity of the films based on the experimentally measured 3v signal. These simplifications, however, have limited range of applicability. In this work, we present a detailed analysis and mathematical m...

Regulation of phosphate (Pi) reabsorption occurs through the up- and downregulation of the renal type-II sodium Pi cotransporters (NaPi-2). Recently, renal NaPi2-type expression has been identified in areas of the brain. The present study determined whether brain NaPi-2 is regulated by dietary Pi and whether the behavioral and renal adaptations to low-dietary Pi are controlled centrally. NaPi-2...

OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to investigate the roles of prostaglandins (PGs) in the anteroventral third ventricular region (AV 3V), a cerebral site for cardiovascular homeostasis, in hypovolemia-induced vasopressin (AVP) secretion. METHODS We infused meclofenamate (78. 3 nmol in 1 microl), a PG synthesis inhibitor, or PGE2 (7.1 nmol in 0.5 microl) into the AV 3V of conscious rats, exa...