Global-scale data on the Oligocene to Recent planktic foraminifers and coccoliths from the tropical Pacific and Atlantic Oceans are employed for quantitative testing of alternative models (Red Queen and Stationary Hypotheses) of the relationship between speciation rates, extinction rates, taxonomic diversity, abiotic events, and history of the paleosystem. The results demonstrate that although ...

background: beta-lactamase enzymes are considered the most important factor of resistance against b-lactam antibiotics among gram-negative bacteria. in recent years, the production of extended-spectrum b-lactamases has been prevailed among bacteria, especially bacteria of animal origin, and this is important in terms of public health. objective: the prupose of this study is to evaluate the pres...

The genetic diversity of 77 Trichoderma harzianum isolates collected from sunflower rhizosphere soils in Urmia, Khoy, and Salmas West Azerbaijan province, Iran, was evaluated by using the Universal Rice Primer (URP) molecular marker. DNA band pattern developed seven primers this These produced 186 gene loci, out which 182 loci were polymorphic. Accordingly, calculated, their kinship relations d...

fusarium culmorum which is considered as the causal agent of fusarium head blight, can produce deoxynivalenol (don), nivalenol (niv) and their acetylated derivatives. this study has been assessed in order to detect the tri13 gene using primer pairs tri13donr/tri13f and tri13r/tri13nivf, to investigate the potential of f. culmorum isolates in the production of don and niv in west azarbayjan prov...

The Mesozoic, mid-Cretaceous (Barremian to Cenomanian) deposits of southern Croatia comprise a succession of shallow tropical-water, inner-platform deposits that formed on a Bahama-type isolated Adriatic carbonate platform in the Dinarides. This succession is dominated by benthic foraminifers and dasycladalean algae, and is exposed in a nearly continuous outcrop section on the islands and along...

Atmospheric hyperoxia, with pO(2) in excess of 30%, has long been hypothesized to account for late Paleozoic (360-250 million years ago) gigantism in numerous higher taxa. However, this hypothesis has not been evaluated statistically because comprehensive size data have not been compiled previously at sufficient temporal resolution to permit quantitative analysis. In this study, we test the hy...