in this study, 27 achaemenid coins, 62 parthian coins, 66 sassanid coins, have been analyzed. the achaemenid coins as well as 20 parthian coins belong to the national museum of iran and the other 42 parthian coins are kept in tamashagah-e pool museum. sasanid coins belong to private collectors. using pixe analysis, the element concentrations of the coins were measured. by using statistical anal...

always on kingdom history of the world a king without a crown is unconceivable. the persian kings were not exception of this rule. iranian ancient kings crown as one of the aspects of the monarchy and power, the image of king while makes he distinguishes from other persons is visible in various artistic works. one of the important artistic works that image of iran’s kings with their power symbo...

the decentralized structure of the arsacid empire brought both positive and negative consequences to the country. despite all confusions, this particular political trend helped ancient and local traditions to grow and flourish. at this time pars although has been isolated but played an important role to guard and respect the basic ideologies of the past achaemenids. persis kings’ coins minted f...

arsacid monarchy as the third iranian dynasty played an important role in the ancient era for five centuries. however, due to the inadequacy of written documents from that era, coins are considered precious sources for us to identify the political, historical, cultural, artistic, and religious views and ideas of that time, i.e. arsacid kings. concerning the similarities between the employed sym...

Some new, unlisted types of Samarian coins have appeared recently on the antiquities market. In present paper I would like to discuss some points concerning one them, which is especially interesting because its iconography. The coin market in Autumn 2021. Its reverse shows an image a cavalryman with spear or javelin. Unlike other images Iranian cavalrymen depicted coins, exemplar probably "the ...

Here we. There are scenarios however, where basic e-cash properties are not sufficient. Here we.Electronic cash. It can be traded for goods or.Electronic cash e-cash instruments allow digital payment for goods and ser. properties of e cash pdf There are scenarios however, where basic e-cash properties are not problemas de escritura pdf sufficient.Dec 27, 1997. Electronic coins possess similar p...

This paper has studied the game rules, victory or defeat rules, and the key techniques of Dots-and-Boxes, and has designed and realized one 6×6 Dots-and-Boxes based on the representing method of Strings and Coins. By corresponding Dots-and-Boxes chessboard to strings and coins chessboard, the proposed representing method is not only intuitive and convenient in chessboard representation, but als...

Among the objects excavated in 1978 at site of Tillya Tepe (Northern Afghanistan) by Soviet-Afghan archaeological expedition led Victor I. Sarianidi, twin golden clasps from Burial III attract special and instant attention any military historian or a researcher ancient arms armour. The identity personage(-s) on has quite rarely been studied. Scholars are usually satisfied with generic term “war...