Historically, since the metabolism of administered peptide/protein drugs (“biotherapeutics”) has been expected to undergo predictable pathways similar to endogenous proteins, comprehensive biotherapeutic metabolism studies have not been widely reported in the literature. However, since biotherapeutics have rapidly evolved into an impressive array of eclectic modalities, there has been a shift t...

Alexis Carrel [5] was a doctor and researcher who studied tissue cultures. He continued Ross Granville Harrison?s research and produced many improvements in the field of tissue culture and surgery. He was the recipient of the 1912 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine [6] for his development of surgical techniques to repair blood vessels. Carrel was born on 28 June 1873 in Sainte-Foy-les-Lyon, ...

Mechanotransduction is known as the cellular mechanism converting insoluble biophysical signals in the local cellular microenvironment (e.g. matrix rigidity, external mechanical forces, and fluid shear) into intracellular signalling to regulate cellular behaviours. While microfluidic technologies support a precise and independent control of soluble factors in the cellular microenvironment (e.g....

The genus Platysodes Westwood, 1873 (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Cetoniinae: Cremastocheilini) is reviewed, with an identification key, images, and distributional map for all species. Platysodes madoni Bourgoin, 1923 is newly recorded from southern China, and a lectotype is designated for this species. The year of publication of Platysodes is corrected to 1873.

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Post-mortem Reports of 13 other cases of fever of the Epidemic of 1873-74. By Dh. John Ince, Civil Surgeon. No. 1.?Prisoner SharafAllee, aged 30 : height 5'5"; admitted 6th October 1873; died about 8 p.m, 8th October; ill 2 days. Prominent Symptoms.?This case commenced with collapse like a bad case of Peshawur fever ; on 8th October T.?M. 104?, E105? ; K. 30 ; pulse none. Autopsy 12 hours after...