this study investigated the effects of planning on second-language written production with regard to task type. the participants were 75 iranian learners of english as a foreign language attending a private foreign language institution. they were asked to complete two different types of writing tasks (expository writing task and argumentative writing task) in different planned conditions (indiv...

To improve salinity stress tolerance in Iranian promising alfalfa ecotypes, including Shorkat, Gharghologh, Gharaghozloo, Rehnani, Roodasht Isfahan and Gavkhooni, a recurrent selection scheme was carried out at roodasht and kabootarabad field stations, Isfahan, Iran, during 2012-2017 growing seasons. Six Iranian promising alfalfa ecotypes were planted in the autumn of 2012 and irrigated with sa...

during 2010-2011 a faunistic survey was carried out for collection and identification of edaphic mesostigmatic mites (acari: mesostigmata) in jiroft and suburb. mites were extracted from soil samples by berlese funnel. the mites were cleared in nesbit fluid and were mounted in hoyer medium on microscopic slides. in this study 43 spices from 26 genera and 16 families were collected and identifie...

The aim of this research was to assessment of drought tolerance in bitter vetch (Vicia ervilia L.) ecotypes. For this purpose, 16 ecotypes collected from four provinces (East Azerbaijan, West Azerbaijan, Ardabil and Zanjan) of Iran, were evaluated using randomized complete block design with four replications in three separate experiments (60, 90 and 120 mm water evaporation from A pan) during 2...

the purpose of the present study is to find out whether bilinguals of khuzestan-arab origin or monolinguals of iranian origin code-switch during learning or speaking english and which group is more susceptible to code-switch. to this end, the students of 24 classes from high schools and pre- university centers were screened out, and interviewed and their voices and code-switchings were recorded...

abstract listening is a key and main tool in second language skill and its development is of prime concern to teachers and learners. furthermore, the application of technology in language classrooms has become more commonplace in the last fifty years. computer and the internet have made foreign language materials easy to access and use. so, the present study is an attempt to examine the effec...