Ticlopidine is a first-generation thienopyridine antiplatelet drug that prevents adenosine 59-diphosphate (ADP)-induced platelet aggregation. We identified the enzymes responsible for the two-step metabolic bioactivation of ticlopidine in human liver microsomes and plasma. Formation of 2-oxo-ticlopidine, an intermediate metabolite, was NADPH dependent and cytochrome P450 (CYP) 1A2, 2B6, 2C19, a...

Protein tyrosine phosphorylation is a key regulatory modification in metazoans, and the corresponding kinase enzymes have diversified dramatically. This diversification is correlated with a genome-wide reduction in protein tyrosine content, and it was recently suggested that this reduction was driven by selection to avoid promiscuous phosphorylation that might be deleterious. We tested three pr...

Soil disturbance of wildlands sites during construction or erosion often results in loss of nutrientrich topsoils and decreased plant available nitrogen (N). When soil organic matter is removed, the content, decomposition and cycling of organic N within soils is also decreased, reducing long-term sources of plant available N. Yard waste composts are a potential resource for replacement of deple...

The purpose of this review was to update available knowledge on the relationship between adherence to the Mediterranean diet (MeDi) and cognitive decline, risk of dementia or Alzheimer’s Disease (AD), and to analyse the reasons for some inconsistent results across studies. The traditional MeDi has been recognised by the United Nations Educational Scientific and Cultural Organisation as an Intan...

Chronic inflammation is a molecular element of the metabolic syndrome and type 2 diabetes. Saturated fatty acids (SFAs) are considered to be an important proinflammatory factor. However, it is still incompletely understood how SFAs induce proinflammatory cytokine expression. Hereby we report that activating transcription factor (ATF) 4, a transcription factor that is induced downstream of metab...

147 A pproximately one third of all children with seizure disorders are not controlled with standard antiepileptic therapy. A high proportion of these intractable cases are associated with lesions acquired prenatally. Indeed, developmental lesions account for about 85% of the preadolescent surgical caseload for epilepsy. This article will review the most common types of developmental lesions as...