There are 3 main groups of multiple resistant Gram-negative bacteria:  Enterobacteriaceae with ESBL or AmpC enzymes – Escherichia coli, Klebsiella spp., Enterobacter cloacae, Citrobacter freundii, Morganella morganii, Serratia marcescens  Acinetobacter spp. – resistant to aminoglycoside antibiotics as well as occasionally carbapenems and Colistin  Pseudomonas spp. – resistant to combinations...

Fourteen out of 16 carbapenem-resistant quinolone-susceptible Enterobacter cloacae isolates were found to carry qnrB2 and bla(KPC-2) genes encoded on the same plasmid. One isolate also carried the aac(6')-Ib-cr gene. Coexistence of quinolone resistance determinants and bla(KPC-2) on the same plasmid in quinolone-susceptible E. cloacae isolates may have important clinical implications.

Carbapenems like meropenem and imipenem are being increasingly used for the treatment of multidrug resistant pathogens especially those producing extended spectrum beta lactamase and AmpC beta lactamase. Since the first usage of antibiotics, the burden of resistance has progressively increased over the past several years. Carbapenemases are the enzymes which are capable of hydrolyzing carbapene...

Among the 2,105 Enterobacteriaceae tested in a survey done in Portugal, 165 were nonsusceptible to carbapenems, from which 35 (26 Klebsiella pneumoniae, 3 Escherichia coli, 2 Enterobacter aerogenes, and 3 Enterobacter cloacae isolates and 1 Klebsiella oxytoca isolate) were confirmed to be carbapenemase producers by the presence of 30 Tn4401d-blaKPC-3, 4 intI3-blaGES-5, and one intI1-blaVIM-2 ge...

BACKGROUND Carbapenems are among the few useful antibiotics against multidrug resistant gram negative bacteria particularly those with extended spectrum beta lactamase. However resistance to carbapenems occurs and is mediated by mechanisms like loss of outer membrane proteins and production of beta lactamase that is capable of hydrolyzing carbapenems. An alert issued in the UK in 2009 warned of...

Resistance to carbapenems in Enterobacteriaceae is a clinical problem of growing significance. Difficulty in treating multidrug-resistant Gram-negative organisms with conventional antibiotics has led to a renewed and increasing use of polymyxin compounds, such as colistin. Here, we report the isolation of carbapenem- and colistin-resistant Enterobacter cloacae from a polymicrobial lower extremi...

OBJECTIVES To characterize the mechanisms involved in reduced susceptibility to carbapenems in two Enterobacter cloacae clinical isolates. METHODS Two E. cloacae isolates recovered from different regions in Germany and showing reduced susceptibility to carbapenems were analysed. Susceptibility testing, conjugation, transformation assays, plasmid analysis, sequencing and molecular typing using...

Using the updated 2010 CLSI carbapenem breakpoints for the Enterobacteriaceae, nonsusceptibility to ertapenem and imipenem predicted the presence of bla(KPC) poorly, especially among Escherichia coli and Enterobacter species. In regions where KPC-producing bacteria are endemic, testing for nonsusceptibility to meropenem may provide improved accuracy in identifying these isolates.

The study was retrospective and included 112 Enterobacter strains isolated from the prelevates of the patients hospitalized in the Clinical County Emergency Hospital Braşov during 6 months (1.01.2010-31.06.2010). The aims of our study were to analyze the spectrum of infections caused by Enterobacter spp. and the assessment of the resistant strains isolated from the prelevates of the hospitalize...

The activities of moxifloxacin, imipenem, and ertapenem against pathogens causing severe necrotizing pancreatitis were studied in an in vitro pharmacokinetics/pharmacodynamics (PK/PD) model. Escherichia coli, Enterobacter cloacae, Enterococcus faecalis, and Bacteroides fragilis were exposed in monocultures and mixed cultures to concentrations of the three agents comparable to those in the human...