BACKGROUND Lejeunea is a largely epiphytic, subcosmopolitan liverwort genus with a complex taxonomic history. Species circumscriptions and their relationships are subject to controversy; biogeographic history and diversification through time are largely unknown. METHODOLOGY AND RESULTS We employed sequences of two chloroplast regions (trnL-trnF, rbcL) and the nuclear ribosomal ITS region of 3...

The effect of protein on bone is controversial, and calcium intake may modify protein's effect on bone. We evaluated associations of energy-adjusted tertiles of protein intake (ie, total, animal, plant, animal/plant ratio) with incident hip fracture and whether total calcium intake modified these associations in the Framingham Offspring Study. A total of 1752 men and 1972 women completed a base...

Recent reports have suggested that calcium supplements have not been effective in reducing skeletal fractures in older adults. In addition, several other current articles have not been able to demonstrate that calcium supplements or high total calcium intakes are related to coronary artery calcification, although other reports disagree. Yet, other manuscripts have linked high calcium intakes to...

CONTEXT Adequate vitamin D status for optimum bone health has received increased recognition in recent years; however, the ideal intake is not known. Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D is the generally accepted indicator of vitamin D status, but no universal reference level has been reached. OBJECTIVE To investigate the relative importance of high calcium intake and serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D for calci...

CONTEXT Citrus fruits contain unique flavanones. One of the most abundant of the flavanones, hesperidin, has been shown to prevent bone loss in ovariectomized rats. OBJECTIVE The objective of the study was to measure the effect of hesperidin with or without calcium supplementation on bone calcium retention in postmenopausal women. DESIGN The study was a double-blind, placebo-controlled, ran...

OBJECTIVE To investigate why some patients with single parathyroid adenomas have negative preoperative sestamibi scans. DESIGN Retrospective review. SETTING Tertiary care center. PATIENTS Twenty-one patients with false-negative (FN) scans were compared with 22 patients with true-positive (TP) scans. All patients had single parathyroid adenomas. INTERVENTIONS Neck exploration and removal...

BACKGROUND Animal data suggest the potential anticarcinogenic effects of calcium and vitamin D on breast cancer development. However, epidemiologic data relating calcium and vitamin D levels to breast cancer have been inconclusive. METHODS We prospectively evaluated total calcium and vitamin D intake in relation to breast cancer incidence among 10,578 premenopausal and 20,909 postmenopausal w...

Five disinfectant chemicals were tested individually for effectiveness against low pathogenic avian influenza virus (LPAIV), A/H7N2/Chick/MinhMa/04, on hard, nonporous surfaces. The tested agents included acetic acid, calcium hydroxide, sodium carbonate, sodium hydroxide, and a powdered laundry detergent without bleach. Multiple common chemicals including acetic acid (1 and 3%), sodium hydroxid...

Digital Object Identifier: 10.1188/04.CJON.209-210 Hypercalcemia is a metabolic condition that occurs when the serum calcium level rises above the normal range of 9–11 mg/dl (Myers, 2001; Smith, 2000). It is a complex metabolic oncologic emergency that can be life threatening. This column is the first of a two-part series about hypercalcemia of malignancy (HCM). Part I focuses on the pathophysi...