‎Let $I$ be an ideal in a regular local ring $(R,n)$‎, ‎we will find‎ ‎bounds on the first and the last Betti numbers of‎ ‎$(A,m)=(R/I,n/I)$‎. ‎if $A$ is an Artinian ring of the embedding‎ ‎codimension $h$‎, ‎$I$ has the initial degree $t$ and $mu(m^t)=1$‎, ‎we call $A$ a {it $t-$extended stretched local ring}‎. ‎This class of‎ ‎local rings is a natural generalization of the class of stretched ...

the present article is a brief presentation of various aspects of scientific misconduct in medical papers. the best approach for prevention of scientific misconduct in medical journals is the application of accepted codes of publication ethics.

The fetal "programming of adult diseases" has been previously reviewed. The descriptions were comprehensive, dealing with the effects of nutritional deprivation on the development of adult metabolic and cardiovascular diseases. During the past decade, research into this "programming" also expanded to the development of osteoporosis. The present review deals with the imbalance of bone mineral me...

anger has always been among main obstacles in substance abuse treatment for both the patients and therapists. this is whilst numerous studies and clinical experiences affirm that if expression methods of anger and other positive or negative feelings remains the same, patient would still struggle with lapse and relapse and consequently, more drop outs would be seen in treatment settings. therefo...

Background: Contamination of fruit juices with heavy metals presents a risk for human health. Concentrations of lead, and arsenic in fruit juices of market in Mashhad, Iran, were measured using atomic absorption spectrometry (AAS). Methods: Fifty varieties of commercial fruit juices (grape, apple, orange, pomegranate, and multi-fruit) from 5 popular brands (A, B, C, D and E) were purchased fro...

Universities are long-established organisations, and although reinvented themselves several times, major reforms are needed again, underpinned by systematic prospective analyses. A novel method is needed to take into account the wide-ranging and complex factors, shaping the future of the higher education system. ‘Futures’ should be devised in a multi-level structure as the bulk of trends and dr...