This dissertation Is titled (Analyze the Islamic Encyclopedia) that addresses concept of Kurd and Kurdish Danisties in era. It is a comparative study information inside Encyclopedia collected by several orientalist. means work orientalists able to collect about Middle East general nations particular. Kurds have been addressed this encyclopedia as one nations. discusses ancient, medieval new his...

undoubtedly the founder of any knowledge is who laid the cornerstone of that. on the base of many narratives, imam ali (as) is the founder of arabic grammar who directed abul asvad addoali to expand arabic grammar. but some of modern scholars imitated some orientalists and on the base of a few narratives denied that the founder of arabic grammar is imam ali (as). they also refused to accept the...

European perceptions of the Islamic Ottoman Empire in the eighteenth century have often been read through the prism of Montesquieu’s The Spirit of the Laws (1748). His ‘moral geography’ depicted a despotic and decayed Islamic Ottoman polity in contrast to the dynamism displayed in European states. Montesquieu’s comparisons and contrasts between the Ottoman East and Europe appear to support Edwa...

The article presents the results of a study history early acquisitions Japanese manuscripts and woodblock-printed books to Imperial St. Petersburg Academy Sciences by Asiatic Museum from 1791 1864, previously known under collective name Brosset collection. main sources for were catalogs Chinese I. Busse (1798), P. Kamensky S. Lipovtsev (1818), M.F. (1840, additions until 1864), as well lists so...

In the first decades of nineteenth century, British Calcutta stood as one most important cities in world for editing, printing, and selling Arabic books. Before famous Bulaq Press Cairo was established 1820, from 1801–19, European Orientalists Indian munshi s (scribes clerks) maulvi (Arabic, mawlana s), alongside Yemeni scholar, had already printed 22 titles movable type—many time—at Fort Willi...

Abstract The establishment of the colonial universities in India was a watershed moment for history Persian studies on subcontinent. Despite rise English and vernacular literatures nineteenth century, remained an essential language instruction colleges, with generations Indian students studying to pass university examinations. By closely calendars courses, this article demonstrates that created...