BACKGROUND There are concerns about effects of lactation on postpartum weight changes among HIV-infected women because low weight may increase risks of HIV-related disease progression. METHODS This analysis of postpartum maternal weight change is based on a trial evaluating the effects of shortened breastfeeding on postpartum mother-to-child transmission of HIV in Lusaka, Zambia, in which 958...

Few studies of associations between weight loss or weight fluctuations and mortality have been sufficiently long term to permit exclusion of early deaths for a portion of follow-up long enough to eliminate likely effects of illness-related weight loss. This study examined associations of the variation (standard deviation and standard deviation about the trend (slope)) and trend (weight loss or ...

To examine effects of body size change on postmenopausal breast cancer, the authors conducted a population-based case-control study among 990 cases and 1,006 controls participating in the Long Island Breast Cancer Study Project in 1996-1997. Women who had gained more than 15 kg (33 pounds) since age 20 years were at a 1.6-fold increased risk of breast cancer (95% confidence interval (CI): 1.11,...

BACKGROUND Replacement of caloric sweeteners with lower- or no-calorie alternatives may facilitate weight loss or weight maintenance by helping to reduce energy intake; however, past research examining low-calorie sweeteners (LCSs) and body weight has produced mixed results. OBJECTIVE The objective was to systematically review and quantitatively evaluate randomized controlled trials (RCTs) an...

OBJECTIVE To study maternal risk factors associated with full term low birth weight (LBW) neonates. DESIGN Matched pair case control study. SETTING Multicenter study including 2 medical colleges and 1 civil hospital, between July 2009 to December 2009. PATIENTS Of 2382 neonates screened, 274 full term LBW babies (of 638) and 274 pair matched controls (of 1744) were included in the study. ...

BACKGROUND Obesity is an established risk factor for endometrial cancer. Less well understood is the role of weight gain and weight change in determining risk. METHODS We analysed data from a population-based case-control study to evaluate the associations of body mass index (BMI), weight gain, and weight cycling with risk of endometrial cancer. Cases (n=740) under age 80 with a new diagnosis...

OBJECTIVE To determine if the perceived ideal body size of urban women in Accra, Ghana influences current body size. METHODS The sample (n=2,814) consisted of Ghanaian women aged 18 years and older, living in the Accra Metropolitan Area. Data were collected between October 2008 and June 2009 in the Women's Health Study of Accra, Wave II household survey. Height (m), weight (kg), waist (cm) an...

OBJECTIVES To assess the ability of a 12-week primary care-based intensive lifestyle intervention (ILI), to facilitate a 5% reduction in baseline weight compared with an education-only active comparator (AC).  Methods: A randomized clinical trial was conducted in a primary health care setting in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia between December 2014 and June 2015. Arab participants with obesity, but who we...

OBJECTIVE To evaluate the long term health consequences of past occupational exposure to 2,3,7,8 tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD). METHODS Cancer incidence and cause specific mortality were examined up to and including 1992 in a group of 243 men with external comparisons and internal dose-response analyses. Model based estimates of TCDD dose (expressed in micrograms/kg body weight) were dev...

OBJECTIVE To systematically review and describe currently available approaches to supporting maintenance of weight loss in obese adults and to assess the evidence for the effectiveness of these interventions. DESIGN Systematic review with meta-analysis. DATA SOURCES Medline, PsycINFO, Embase, and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials. STUDY SELECTION Studies were identified t...