BACKGROUND Warfarin is the most commonly used oral anticoagulant for the treatment and prevention of thromboembolic disorders. Pharmacogenomics studies have shown that variants in CYP2C9 and VKORC1 genes are strongly and consistently associated with warfarin dose variability. Although different populations from the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region may share the same ancestry, it is st...

Warfarin is a commonly used anticoagulant, whose dose needs to be determined for each individual patient owing to large inter-individual variability in its therapeutic dose. Although several clinical and genetic variables influencing warfarin dose have been identified, uncovering additional factors are critically important for safer use of warfarin. Through a genome-wide association study, we i...

BACKGROUND Individuals with implanted mechanical valve prostheses require lifelong anticoagulation therapy with warfarin. The narrow therapeutic index of warfarin makes it difficult to dose and maintain proper anticoagulation. A number of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) affecting vitamin K or warfarin metabolism have been shown to affect warfarin dosing. Our aim was to study the effect o...

Background: Warfarin has been widely used for a long time as an oral anticoagulant agent. Warfarin is reported to have inflammatory role as well. The dose of Warfarin plays an important role in up and down regulation of interacting cytokines such as IL-6 and COX-2 (Cyclooxygenase). Objective: To investigate the effects of varying Warfarin doses on IL-6 and COX-2. Material and Methods: Serum IL-...

Nonvalvular atrial fibrillation- (NVAF-) related stroke and venous thromboembolism (VTE) are cardiovascular diseases associated with significant morbidity and economic burden. The historical standard treatment of VTE has been the administration of parenteral heparinoid until oral warfarin therapy attains a therapeutic international normalized ratio. Warfarin has been the most common medication ...

Cytochrome P450 oxidoreductase (POR) is required for drug metabolism by all microsomal cytochrome P450 enzymes. The aim of this study was to investigate whether any of the common single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the POR gene and its flanking intergenic sequences correlate with interindividual variations in the warfarin maintenance dose (which is determined partly by rates of warfarin m...

BACKGROUND Warfarin is a highly effective anticoagulant however its effectiveness relies on maintaining INR in therapeutic range. Finding the correct dose is difficult due to large inter-individual variability. Two genes, CYP2C9 and VKORC1, have been associated with this variability, leading to genotype-guided dosing tables in warfarin labeling. Nonetheless, it remains unclear how genotypic inf...

The aim of this study was to determine the association of bleeding as a complication of warfarin therapy with polymorphism of CYP2C9 gene (alleles 1, 2 and 3). The CYP2C9 is the main enzyme for warfarin metabolism. Study included 181 patients receiving warfarin for at least one month. Allele 1 of CYP2C9 gene (in 94.5%) and genotype *1/*1 (57.5%) prevailed. Allele 3 was found in 12.7% patients. ...