Statistical association between a single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) genotype and a quantitative trait in genome-wide association studies is usually assessed using a linear regression model, or, in the case of non-normally distributed trait values, using the Kruskal-Wallis test. While linear regression models assume an additive mode of inheritance via equi-distant genotype scores, Kruskal-Wal...

We present examples of flag homology spheres whose γvectors satisfy the Kruskal-Katona inequalities. This includes several families of well-studied simplicial complexes, including Coxeter complexes and the simplicial complexes dual to the associahedron and to the cyclohedron. In another direction, we show that if a flag (d− 1)-sphere has at most 2d + 2 vertices its γ-vector satisfies the Kruska...

Pituitary somatotropin (growth hormone) and prolactin are two related protein hormones produced by the pituitary gland. Both contain single polypeptide chains of 190-200 amino acid residues (Wallis, 1978). In mammals, prolactin acts primarily on the mammary glands, promoting mammary growth and lactation; in many species it also has direct effects on the gonads and possibly other organs (Horrobi...