background: the airway surface liquid (asl), which is a fluid layer coating the interior epithelial surface of the bronchi and bronchiolesis, plays an important defensive role against foreign particles and chemicals entering lungs. objective: numerical investigation has been employed to solve two-layer model consisting of mucus layer as a viscoelastic fluid and periciliary liquid layer as a newt...

Background: The airway surface liquid (ASL), which is a ï‌‚uid layer coating the interior epithelial surface of the bronchi and bronchiolesis, plays an important defensive role against foreign particles and chemicals entering lungs.Objective: Numerical investigation has been employed to solve two-layer model consisting of mucus layer as a viscoelastic fluid and periciliary liquid layer as a New...

Fish epidermal mucus contains innate immune components, secreted by globlet cells that provide the primary defence against different pathogenic microbes and act as a barrier between fish and its immediate niche. The major function of mucus includes entrapment and sloughing of microbes. The mucus also contains many factors such as antimicrobial peptides (AMPs), lysozymes, lectins, proteases, etc...

The bacterium Coxiella burnetii has been associated with reproduction disorders in dairy cattle. A cross-sectional study was conducted Quebec, Canada, to estimate the prevalence of C. cows from RT-PCR-positive and/or ELISA-positive herds. As a secondary objective, associations between burnetii-positivity and three reproductive outcomes (purulent vaginal discharge, cytological endometritis, succ...

The CIDR is an intravaginal progesterone insert, used in conjunction with other hormones to synchronize estrus in beef and dairy cows and heifers. The CIDR was developed in New Zealand and has been used for several years to advance the first pubertal estrus in heifers and the first postpartum estrus in cows. The CIDR is a “T” shaped device with flexible wings that collapse to form a rod that ca...