5-HT(2A/2C) receptors are one of the most important in controlling basal ganglia outputs. In rodent models of Parkinson's disease (PD) blockade of these receptors increases locomotion and enhances the actions of dopamine (DA) replacement therapy. Moreover, previously we established that 5-HT(2A/2C) antagonist attenuate DA D(1) agonist mediated vacuous chewing movements (VCMs) which are consider...

Haloperidol (HPL) was administered by presenting HPL-admixed food to 20 male and 19 female Sprague-Dawley rats from the age of 5 weeks at a target dose of 1.0 mg/kg/day for 80 weeks. The range of the actual daily dose was 0.48-1.11 mg/kg in males and 0.34-0.73 mg/kg in females. The control rats(13 males and 13 females) were given normal food. In the present study, the general condition and loco...

On the basis of selected cases, evaluation of the usefulness of muscular exercises in rehabilitation of patients stricken by a dysfunction of the motor system of the chewing organ was accomplished. The assessment of the electric function of chewing muscles together with the registration of mandibular movements with the axiographic Zebris JMA apparatus was made, both before and after muscular th...

The rabbit syndrome, a neuroleptic induced extrapyramidal side effect with Vafe onset, consists of rapid fine rhythmic movements of the lips that mimic the chewing movements of a rabbit. This syndrome was first described by Villeneuve in 1972. Unlike the buccolingual movements of the tardive dyskinesia, the rabbit syndrome improves with antiparkinsonian medication. The condition is reported to ...

Deep brain stimulation (DBS) has been extensively used in Parkinson's disease and is also currently being investigated in tardive dyskinesia (TD), a movement disorder induced by chronic treatment with antipsychotic drugs such as haloperidol (HAL). In rodents, vacuous chewing movements (VCMs) following chronic HAL administration are suggested to model orofacial dyskinesias in TD. We show that 60...

To quantitatively assess masticatory efficiency and/or food texture changes during chewing, the jaw movements and forces of human chewing behaviour need to be reproduced. We have proposed a robotic solution where a parallel mechanism with six degrees of freedom (DOF) is developed and based on the biological model of human mastication system. This paper presents such a robot and outlines the des...

Pattern classification of ingestive behavior in grazing animals has extreme importance in studies related to animal nutrition, growth and health. In this paper, a system to classify chewing patterns of ruminants in in vivo experiments is developed. The proposal is based on data collected by optical fiber Bragg grating sensors (FBG) that are processed by machine learning techniques. The FBG sens...

Many behavioral activities of the horseshoe crab Limulus are rhythmic, and most of these are produced in large part by central pattern generators within the CNS. The chain of opisthosomal (‘abdominal’) ganglia controls gill movements of ventilation and gill cleaning, and the prosomal ring of fused ganglia (brain and segmental ‘thoracic’ ganglia) controls generation of feeding and locomotor move...