CONSTANS (CO) regulates flowering time by positively regulating expression of two floral integrators, FLOWERING LOCUS T (FT) and SUPPRESSOR OF OVEREXPRESSION OF CO 1 (SOC1), in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana). FT and SOC1 have been proposed to act in parallel pathways downstream of CO based on genetic analysis using weak ft alleles, since ft soc1 double mutants showed an additive effect in s...

This paper describes an instrumentation amplifier (INA) with three operational amplifier (op amp) topology, for biomedical applications. To achieve low offset new circuit technique is achieved by adding NMOS transistor and two phase clock scheme with a frequency of 20 KHz. With the unity gain bandwidth of 92 KHz , the open loop gain of this instrumentation amplifier is found to be 50 dB and hav...

AbstractChopping is a proficient way to reduce the low frequency offset and 1/f noise in amplifiers. In this paper, a low power low noise CMOS chopper amplifier is presented. It is composed of a two stage amplifier. The first stage’s high output impedance and the equivalent Miller capacitance of the second stage constitute together a low pass filter, which reduces the power consumption. The cir...

Being a core component of an analog-to-digital converter (ADC), the operational amplifier is expected to provide sufficient DC gain and bandwidth to make the output amplitude less than 1⁄2 Least Significant Bit (LSB) in a half clock cycle. However, due to the limitation of the operational amplifiers in DC gain and bandwidth, most ADC is limited to 10-Bit, 100 Million Samples per Second (MSPS) [...

This paper presents the design, analysis, and simulated results of a three stage low power op-amp in a 0.25μm CMOS process technology. The op-amp overcomes the problems of cascading stages under low supply voltage by using modified active-feedback frequency compensation. This op-amp operates over a common-mode voltage (Vcm)from 0 to 0.6V, a supply voltage (Vdd) of 1.5V ±5%, a temperature range ...

Current conveyors are unity gain active elements exhibiting high linearity, wide dynamic range and high frequency performance than their voltage mode counterparts. The new current conveyor operating at low-voltage supplies high input impedance and low output impedance and consumes less power. In this study, a new low-voltage class AB second generation current conveyor (AB CCII) is presented whi...

In this study, we investigated the impact of intrinsic output conductance (goi) on short-circuit current-gain cut-off frequency (fT) in InxGa1-xAs/In0.52Al0.48As quantum-well (QW) high-electron-mobility transistors. At its core, attempted to extract values fT using a simplified small-signal model (SSM) HEMTs and derive an analytical formula for terms extrinsic parameters that are related with g...

The interaction of the body bias effect, device size, and analog characteristics such as DC gain, the matching effect, and speed (fT and fmax) of the sub-0.2 lm PD-SOI technology is reported. From the study, the optimized device size and the body bias for the analog and radio-frequency applications can be determined according to the specific utilization of the chip. 2002 Published by Elsevier S...

A fast settling multipath CMOS OTA for high speed switched capacitor applications is presented here. With the basic topology similar to folded-cascode, bandwidth and DC gain of the OTA are enhanced by adding extra paths for signal from input to output. Designed circuit is simulated with HSPICE using level 49 parameters (BSIM 3v3) in 0.35μm standard CMOS technology. DC gain achieved is 56.7dB an...

Contrary to the conventional method of disturbance observers (DOB) where Q-filter is designed to be a low-pass filter with unity DC gain, the optimal H1 method has been proposed to design the Q-filter and applied in the servo control system of hard disk drives in track following. Simulation and implementation results have shown that the resultant H1 DOB improves low-frequency disturbance attenu...