We here review the evolutionary theory relevant to the question of human cooperation and compare the results to other theoretical perspectives. Then, we will summarize some of our own work, distilling a compound explanation that we believe gives a plausible account of human cooperation and selfishness. This account leans heavily on group selection on cultural variation but also includes lower l...

Title: 1 H-NMR metabonomics can differentiate the early atherogenic effect of dairy products in hyperlipidemic hamsters 1 H-NMR metabonomics can differentiate the early atherogenic effect of dairy products in hyperlipidemic hamsters, This is a PDF file of an unedited manuscript that has been accepted for publication. As a service to our customers we are providing this early version of the manus...

The present essay describes a model under which a method of self-improvement of teacher-educator practice can be implemented by analyzing personal practices. I will focus my argument on investigating self-reflection and the subject under investigation will be the educator: how can they self-reflect in order to enhance their learning and hence their practice. The first step of the model is self-...

9 Despite evidence that dogs are skilful in acquiring information socially from humans and are 10 able to copy the actions of a human demonstrator, formal dog-training methods have 11 traditionally relied only on individual learning (operant and classical conditioning). We 12 compared the efficiency of the ‘Do as I do’ method (Topál et al. 2006), which relies on social 13 learning, with that of...

This article was written to complement the extensive reviews. It presents techniques for optimally relaying the content and meaning of scientific studies and for avoiding common problems. It begins with key features of the standard journal sections, tables, and figures and suggests strategies for their effective construction. It then discusses simple strategies to construct succinct sentences t...

The educational mission of our journal reaches beyond the goal of expanding the understanding of unique cases and novel approaches to challenging clinical questions. The generation of a published case report manuscript involves a team of authors, reviewers, editors, and publication staff. It is my belief that the quality of a manuscript depends equally on all members of that team, and that by w...

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Medical schools in the twenty first century, have undergone drastic changes in their teaching methodologies worldwide, more specifically in the teaching of anatomy. The main goal of any educational institution is the transfer of knowledge from educator to student in an effective manner. This review attempts to bring together the different teaching methodologies used in medical schools in this n...

Introduction: Dyslexia is a common condition. Estimates suggest it effects approximately 10% of the worldwide population, and 1.7% of UK medical students. This review aimed to explore the existing literature concerning the exam performance of medical students with dyslexia. Methods: A Review of Medline, ERIC, PsychInfo, The Cochrane Library, and Google Scholar was conducted in accordance with t...

This manuscript presents a field measurement of new particle formation (NPF) events in urban Beijing, China. The deployment of Fast Mobility Particle Sizers (FMPs) is unique and could deliver new insights into NPF, if interpreted properly. Overall, this manuscript describes interesting phenomena that NPF was enhanced in winter at a street site comparing to a close rooftop site, whereas NPF was ...