Cyanocobalamin occurs as dark red crystals or orthorhombic needles or crystalline red powder. It is very hygroscopic in the anhydrous form, and sparingly to moderately soluble in water (1:80). Its pharmacologic activity is destroyed by heavy metals (iron) and strong oxidizing or reducing agents (vitamin C), but not by autoclaving for short periods of time (15-20 minutes) at 121°C. The vitamin B...

Vitamin D signaling regulates cell proliferation and differentiation, and epidemiological data suggest that it functions as a cancer chemopreventive agent, although the underlying mechanisms are poorly understood. Vitamin D signaling can suppress expression of genes regulated by c-MYC, a transcription factor that controls epidermal differentiation and cell proliferation and whose activity is fr...

1,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D(3) is immunosuppressive both in vivo and in vitro. Topical vitamin D analogs such as calcipotriol alter keratinocyte function, but their effects on cutaneous immune responses are less well understood. We demonstrate that exposure of the skin to calcipotriol before transcutaneous immunization with OVA protein and CpG adjuvant prevents Ag-specific CD8(+) T cell priming coi...

In order to study the interaction of glutathione, vitamin C and vitamin E under hyperoxia (95 % oxygen) and hyperbaric oxygen (2.5 atmospheric pressure), 20 days old male Guinea pigs were fed with basal vitamin C free diet, while receiving a vitamin C supplement of either high concentration (50 mg/day) or low concentration (1 mg/day) for two weeks. Animals were than exposed to hyperoxia and hyp...

Background: Paraquat is nonselective bipyridyl herbicide that induces hepatotoxicity through oxidative stress. Vitamin C and chitosan have antioxidant as well as radical scavenger properties and show protective effects against reactive oxygen species (ROS). In the present study, hepatoprotective effects of chitosan and vitamin C were evaluated in common carp exposed to paraquat. Methods: Whi...

the purpose of this study was to evaluate the probable effects of the vitamin e addition in different levels to the extender of chicken semen on spermatozoa quality during storage of semen at 4°c for 0, 3, 6, 10 and 24 hours. eight young ross broiler breeder strain 308 roosters were used in this experiment. the collected semen from all roosters was mixed together and diluted with modified a rin...

Psoriasis is a complex disease that requires safe, long-term treatment. Topical steroid therapy, topical non-steroid therapy only, and a combination of various topical therapies in the treatment of mild to moderate forms of psoriasis are presented. Topical therapy includes corticosteroids, vitamin D3 analogs, retinoids, tars, anthralin, keratolytics, and topical immunomodulators. While most med...

Three groups of 12 high percentage Charolais steers were slaughtered on three dates. Steers (n = 27) were infused immediately after exsanguination at 10% of BW with a solution containing saccharides, NaCl, and phosphates (MPSC solution; MPSC, Inc., St. Paul, MN) plus either 500 ppm vitamin C (MPSC+C), 500 ppm vitamin E (MPSC+E), or 500 ppm vitamin C plus 500 ppm vitamin E (MPSC+C+E). Noninfused...