nanoporous graphene which is used as nanosorbent was synthesized by chemical vapor deposition method via porous zinc oxide nanocatalyst. the reaction was carried out using methane as the carbon source and hydrogen as the carrier gas in a ratio of 4:1 at the temperature ranging 900-1050°c for 2-50 min. the product was characterized by scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscop...

The reactions of a variety of bis(tricyclohexylphosphine)nickel species with C 0 2 have been studied. The product of the reaction is solvent dependent: in toluene the known complex [NiL2(/7 -C02)]-toluene (L = PCy3) is formed while in ether or pentane a binuclear complex [(NiL2)2(?;-C02)] results through the intermediacy of the solvent free species [NiL2(//-C02)] the structure of which has been...

The organic solvent toluene is used widely in industry and is toxic to the central nervous system (CNS). To clarify the mechanisms of CNS toxicity following toluene exposure, especially with respect to the G protein-coupling of receptors, we determined the effects of toluene on the activation of Gi by stimulating human muscarinic acetylcholine receptor m2 subtypes (hm2 receptors) expressed in C...

Reaction of 2-methylcyclohexanone with lithium hexamethyldisilazide (LiHMDS, TMS(2)NLi) displays highly solvent-dependent chemoselectivity. LiHMDS in THF/toluene effect enolization. Rate studies using in situ IR spectroscopy are consistent with a THF concentration-dependent monomer-based pathway. LiHMDS in pyrrolidine/toluene affords exclusively 1,2-addition of the pyrrolidine fragment to form ...

introduction: toluene is an organic solvent that it is one of the byproducts in the coke industry. exposure to toluene causes central nervous system dysfunction and others disorders. many workers are exposed to toluene due to leakage from tracks. therefore the aim of this study was to determine the levels of exposure through environmental and biological monitoring of toluene methods: air toluen...

background toluene is a cyclic aromatic hydrocarbon which is widely used as an industrial feedstock and as a solvent. it is one of the major parts of pollution in oil-contaminated environments. objectives the main aim of this study was to isolate and characterize a bacterium with high potential application in toluene bioremediation. materials and methods to isolate a toluene-degrading bacterium...

A toluene-degrading denitrifier, Azoarcus tolulyticus Tol-4, was one of eight similar strains isolated from three petroleum-contaminated aquifer sediments. When the strain was grown anaerobically on toluene, 68% of the carbon from toluene was found as CO2 and 30% was found as biomass. Strain Tol-4 had a doubling time of 4.3 h, a Vmax of 50 micromol x min-1 x g of protein-1, and a cellular yield...

In the mol-ecule of the title compound, C(20)H(17)NO(8)S(2), the two toluene rings are oriented at a dihedral angle of 3.65 (4)°, while the nitrophenyl ring is oriented at dihedral angles of 44.39 (3) and 47.44 (3)° with respect to the toluene rings. An intra-molecular C-H⋯O hydrogen bond results in the formation of a five-membered ring, which adopts an envelope conformation. In the crystal str...

In the title compound, C(10)H(12)N(2)OS, the toluene and the N-carbamothio-ylacetamide units are oriented at dihedral angle of 78.75 (5)°. An intra-molecular N-H⋯O hydrogen bond generates an S(6) ring. In the crystal, mol-ecules are linked into [101] chains by pairs of N-H⋯S hydrogen bonds [which generate R(2) (2)(8) loops] and pairs of O-H⋯O hydrogen bonds [which generate R(2) (2)(4) loops]. T...

Heterogeneous silica supported rhodium-phosphine complex catalysts are employed for the first time in the catalytic decarbonylation of aldehydes in continuous gas-phase. The reaction protocol is exemplified for the decarbonylation of p-tolualdehyde to toluene and further extended to other aromatic and aliphatic aldehydes achieving excellent results in terms of both conversion and selectivity.