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In contrast to the empirical literature’s focus on foreign direct investment (FDI), this study examines the effects of foreign portfolio investment (FPI) and “other” foreign investment (OFI) on economic growth using data on 88 countries from 1977 through 2000. Most measures suggest that FPI has no effect, and some results indicate that OFI has a negative impact on growth that is somewhat mitiga...

Cancer cell migration is a complex process that requires coordinated structural changes and signals in multiple cellular compartments. The nucleus is the biggest and stiffest organelle of the cell and might alter its physical properties to allow cancer cell movement. Integrins are transmembrane receptors that mediate cell-cell and cell-extracellular matrix interactions, which regulate numerous ...

Consistent with elections throughout the United States, majority of contributions in gubernatorial campaigns come from individuals. Understanding incentives for why individual donors give money varying political environments is essential understanding influence donors. Using contribution data 2009 through 2015, this paper considers whether state campaign finance reform has had unintended effect...