Abstract There may be immunologic alternations during Tourette syndrome (TS) development. This study aimed to determine the immune function changes in different aspects (spleen or thymus index, plasma cytokines, and T cell) an 3,3′‐iminodipropionitrile (IDPN)‐induced rat model of TS. Male Sprague‐Dawley rats were assigned control TS groups. The group received intraperitoneal infections normal s...

Type-1 and type-2 lung granulomas respectively elicited by bead immobilized Mycobacteria bovis (PPD 1) and Schistosoma mansoni egg (SEA) Ags display different patterns chemokine expression. This study tested the hypothesis that chemokine expression patterns were related to upstream cytokine signaling. Using quantitative transcript analysis we defined expression profiles for 16 chemokines and th...

The immune response activatesB cells to produce antibody and T cells to mediate cytotoxicity or produce cytokines. An important division in the development of T cells is their tendency to develop into subpopulations producing either TH1 or TH2 cytokines. The TH1 cytokines include interferon g, tumour necrosis factor b (TNFb) and interleukin 2 (IL-2), while the cytokines which best characterize ...

BACKGROUND Differential diagnosis between primary focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS) and minimal change disease (MCD) is sometimes difficult as nephrotic syndrome is the main clinical symptom in both diseases. OBJECTIVES This study has attempted to evaluate the urinary excretion of Th1 and Th2 cytokines as potential biomarkers in distinguishing the two types of nephrotic syndrome, and ...

The role of T-cell subsets in the induction of tissue factor (TF) production by human monocytes in vitro was investigated. Mitogen stimulation enabled both unfractionated T cells and their CD4+ or CD8+ subsets to promote procoagulant activity (PCA). After mitogen or antigen activation, all seven T-cell clones with Th1 cytokine profile, but none of seven Th2 clones, induced TF production and PCA...

multiple sclerosis (ms) is characterized by multiple areas of inflammation, demyelination and neurodegeneration. infiltrating th1 cd4+ t cells secrete proinflammatory cytokines. they stimulate the release of some cytokines, expression of adhesion molecules and these cytokines may cause damage to the myelin sheath and axons. in this study, we analyzed plasma levels and gene expressions of five i...

Background: Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a demyelinating disease of the central nervous system and cytokines may play a role in the development of MS lesions. Objective: To determine levels of different cytokines in patients with relapsing-remitting MS (RR-MS) compared to healthy controls. Methods: Profiles of pro-inflammatory, Th1-, Th2-, and Th17-related cytokines were compared by quantitative ...

PURPOSE To investigate changes in cytokine levels in tears of type 2 diabetics with or without retinopathy. METHODS Tears were collected from 15 type 2 diabetics without retinopathy (DNR), 15 patients with retinopathy (DR), and 15 age and gender matched non-diabetic controls. Tear concentrations of 27 cytokines were measured by multiplex bead immunoassay. Cytokine differences between groups, ...