The Telescope Array Low Energy Extension (TALE) is a series of detectors to be added to the Telescope Array (TA) experiment to extend its energy coverage to lower energies and increase its aperture at high energies. The combination of TA and TALE will be able to measure the spectrum of ultrahigh energy cosmic rays from 10 to 10 eV, and study all three features of the spectrum: the second knee, ...

The tandem repeats of transcription activator like effectors (TALEs) mediate sequence-specific DNA binding using a simple code. Naturally, TALEs are injected by Xanthomonas bacteria into plant cells to manipulate the host transcriptome. In the laboratory TALE DNA binding domains are reprogrammed and used to target a fused functional domain to a genomic locus of choice. Research into the natural...

Take a strip of paper with ‘once upon a time there’ written on one side and ‘was a story that began’ on the other. Twisting the paper and joining the ends produces John Barth’s story Frame-Tale, which prefixes ‘once upon a time there was a story that began’ to itself. In this paper, I argue that the possibility of understanding Frame-Tale cannot be explained by tacit knowledge of a recursive th...

Interactions between TALE (three-amino acid loop extension) homeodomain proteins play important roles in the development of both fungi and animals. Although in plants, two different subclasses of TALE proteins include important developmental regulators, the existence of interactions between plant TALE proteins has remained unexplored. We have used the yeast two-hybrid system to demonstrate that...

nAture methods | ADVANCE ONLINE PUBLICATION | We tested whether transcription activator–like effectors (tAles) could mediate repression and activation of endogenous enhancers in the Drosophila genome. tAle repressors (tAlers) targeting each of the five even-skipped (eve) stripe enhancers generated repression specifically of the focal stripes. tAle activators (tAleAs) targeting the eve promoter ...

For years, prokaryotic hosts have been widely applied in bio-engineering. However, the confined in vivo enzyme clustering of heterologous metabolic pathways in these organisms often results in low local concentrations of enzymes and substrates, leading to a low productive efficacy. We developed a new method to accelerate a heterologous metabolic system by integrating a transcription activator-l...

We report and discuss the results of a quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) analysis of the expression patterns of seven three amino acid loop extension (TALE) homeobox genes (four KNOTTED-like homeobox (KNOX) and three BEL1-like homeobox (BELL) genes) identified after next generation sequencing (NGS) and assembly of the sporophyte and gametophyte transcriptome...

The cold dark matter scenario predicts that a large number of dark subhalos should be located within the halo of each Milky-way sized galaxy. One tell-tale signature of such dark subhalos could be additional milliarcsecond-scale image splitting of quasars previously known to be multiply-imaged on arcsecond scales. Here, we estimate the image separations for the subhalo density profiles favoured...

Homeobox genes encode transcription factors which control basic processes in development and differentiation. Concerning the sequence conservation their homeobox, these are arranged into particular groups sharing evolutionary ancestry resembling function. We have recently described physiological expression patterns of two homeobox gene groups, NKL TALE, early hematopoiesis subsequent lymphopoie...