OBJECTIVE The investigation provides recommendations for establishing institutional collection guidelines and policies that protect the integrity of the historical record, while upholding the privacy and confidentiality of those who are protected by Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA) or professional ethical standards. METHODS The authors completed a systematic histori...

in the background of different sciences, compiling the record of periods is very helpful to better understand and recognize rise and fall of the science. this is also applicable to islamic jurisprudence, which is one branch of islamic sciences. many scholars of jurisprudence science have proposed historical periods for it. but, unfortunately, there has not been recorded any profound research wo...

An expert search system assists users with their “expertise need” by suggesting people with relevant expertise to their query. Most systems work by ranking documents in response to the query, then ranking the candidates using information from this initial document ranking and known associations between documents and candidates. In this paper, we aim to determine whether we can approximate an ev...

Electronic documents such as PDFs are becoming increasingly popular as we move further towards the notion of the paperless office. The harsh truth however is that e-documents differ greatly from their physical paper counterparts, with many users opting to print them before reading. This paper describes several novel implementations that utilize a technique known as ‘lightweight interaction’; a ...

Visual Information Extraction (VIE) is a technique that enables users to perform information extraction from visual documents driven by the visual appearance and the spatial relations occurring among the elements in the document. In particular, the extractions are expressed through a query language similar to the well known SQL. To further reduce the human effort in the extraction task, in this...

Concurrent Engineering supports the cooperation of teams coming from different phases of the engineering process. Mutual understanding between these crossfunctional teams is essential for successful cooperation. One obstacle for mutual understanding is the use of different languages, notations, and representations within different phases of the engineering process. Fine-grained relationships be...

Synchronisation of replicated shared data is a key issue in collaborative writing systems. Most existing synchronization tools are specific to a particular type of shared data, i.e. text files, calendars, XML files. Therefore, users must use different tools to maintain their different copies up-to-date. In this paper we propose a generic synchronization framework based on the operational transf...

With the increasing number of documents that are available in digital form, also the number of digital historical documents is increasing (Berkvens, 2001). It cannot be assumed that standard IR systems perform well on historical documents: historical texts differ from modern texts in three ways (Hüning, 1996; Van Der Horst and Marschall, 1989): (a) vocabularies have changed, (b) spelling has ch...