The problem of accurate determination of the position, orientation and width of involute spur gear teeth using a single front-lit image is addressed. The information is used to compute global measures of tooth concentricity and pitch variations across a gear wheel. The approach is based on the use of specialised filters which make maximum use of the grey level information available in the image...

Introdouction: Cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) scanning is a technological innovation developed in recent years with potential use in oral surgery and many other dental procedures. The aim of this study is to determine the maxillary sinus mucosal thickening in the maxillary premolar-molar area using the CBCT technique. Materials and methods: In this retrospective study, a total of 105 c...

Submucosal dissection of the oesophagus is a rare oesophageal disorder. We report a patient who had recurrent episodes of dissection and achalasia. Both recurrence and the association with achalasia are to our knowledge unique.

Individuals with particular genetic backgrounds develop immune responses to wheat proteins and become 'gluten-sensitised'. Mucosal pathology arises through activated mucosal T lymphocytes, resulting in a graded, adverse reaction between particular genes and wheat proteins. Given these varied influences, the Marsh Classification broadly itemises those stages through which a normal mucosa (Marsh ...

Advancement in diagnostic modalities and improvement in surveillance programs for Barrett esophagus has resulted in increase in incidence of superficial esophageal cancers (SEC). SEC, due to their limited metastatic potential are amenable to non-invasive treatment modalities. Endoscopic ultrasound (EUS), endoscopic mucosal resection (EMR) and endoscopic sub-mucosal dissection (ESD) are few new ...

Esophageal metastatic lesions are rare particularly of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). The majority of reported cases were diagnosed pot-mortem, only a few cases were identified by upper endoscopy. Endoscopic ultrasound (EUS) has never been reported as a diagnostic tool for esophageal metastasis from HCC, nor has EUS-FNA ever been used for this purpose. We recently used both EUS and EUS-FNA to ...