Abstract Not only the amount of product demand but also the prices of the product have a strong impact on a manufacturer’s revenue. In this paper we consider a continuous-time inventory model where the spot price of the product stochastically fluctuates according to a Brownian motion. Should information of the spot price be available, the manufacturer wishes to buy the product from the spot mar...

We consider an equilibrium forward contract on a nonstorable commodity when forward market participants have market powers. The forward contract is negotiated through a Nash bargaining process due to market powers. We derive the unique equilibrium forward contract in closed form and provide an extensive comparative statics analysis. We show in particular that the introduction of a forward marke...

This paper studies the dynamic relationship among futures price, spot price of Shanghai metal and futures price of London with the co-integration theory, Granger causality tests, residue analysis, impulse responses function, and variance decomposition on the VECM. The study shows the three have the long equilibrium relationship: the copper futures price of Shanghai have internalities to the fut...

This paper analyzes how capital structure and product market competition affect the firms’ choice between outsourcing with long term contracts and outsourcing to the spot market. When outsourcing to the spot market firms are exposed to price uncertainty, whereas a long term contract allows them to set in advance the outsourcing price. We show that, to the extent that leverage and uncertainty ca...

In this paper we propose a new and highly tractable structural approach to spot price modeling and derivative pricing in electricity markets, thus extending the growing branch of literature which describes power price dynamics via its primary supply and demand factors. Using a bid stack approach, our model translates the demand for power and the prices of fuels, used in the power generation pro...

Non-storability of a commodity implies the independence of corresponding spot and futures prices. We investigate empirically the case of electricity and show that a relation does emerge between spots and forwards. This is because of the links in storable fuels used for production and behavioural biases in power trading. The latter cause a significant influence of the electricity spot price on t...

B2B spot market has grown rapidly and become an effective trading channel for commodity products. Besides long-term contract procurement from conventional suppliers (forward and option), a buyer can procure or sell commodities at any time in B2B spot market to adjust her inventory level. However, spot prices are generally volatile and the market is imperfect in the sense that spot trading may b...

Classic studies of spot price fluctuations for commodities like cotton and wheat have been interpreted using a power-law probability distribution with exponent alpha inside the Lévy-stable regime (0<alpha<2). In contrast price fluctuations for stocks have been interpreted using a power-law probability distribution with alpha outside the Lévy-stable regime suggesting that stock prices are in a d...

In this article, we use half hourly spot electricity prices and load data for the National Electricity Market (NEM) of Australia for the period from December 1998 to February 2008 to test for episodic nonlinearity in the dynamics governing daily and weekly cycles in load and spot price time series data. We apply the portmanteau correlation, bicorrelation and tricorrelation tests introduced in H...

In this paper a novel approach for sequential bidding on day-ahead auction markets for spot energy and power systems reserve is presented. For the spot market a relatively simple method is considered as a competitive market is assumed. For the reserve market one bidder is assumed to behave strategically and the behavior of the competitors is summarized in a probability distribution of the marke...