Conventional soldering typically requires fluxing to promote wetting. Halogenated solvents must then be used to remove the flux residues. While such practice has been routinely accepted throughout the DOE weapons complex, new environmental laws and agreements will eventually phaseout the use of these solvents. Solvent substitution or alternative technologies must be developed to meet these rest...

ne of the corporate goals at AT&T is to eliminate chloroflurocarbons (CFCs) from its manufacturing operations by the end of 1994. Many alternatives have been implemented to meet this objective, including noclean wave soldering using low-solids flux, aqueous cleaning of water-soluble flux, aqueous cleaning with saponifiers and semiaqueous (terpene) cleaning. Part 1 of this article describes the ...

In this work we compare the microstructures of intermetallic compounds (IMCs) in electrochemically stripped solder joints created by two different soldering methods (vapor phase soldering (VPS), and selective laser soldering with a CO2 laser). After the selective removal of the Sn phase with amperometry, the microstructure and structural composition of the IMC can be revealed in a detailed way,...

Laser soldering is based on applying some soldering material (albumin) onto the approximated edges of the cut and heating the solder (and the underlying tissues) by a laser beam. Endogenous and exogenous materials such as indocyanine green (ICG) are often added to solders to enhance light absorption. Gold nanoshells are new materials which have an optical response dictated by the plasmon resona...

 The RoHS and WEEE European Directive, recently introduced, [1,2], represent focal points for the environmental regulation in the field of electronics industry. While removal of some material of concern has been relatively straightforward, the reduction or quite elimination of Lead (Pb) has caused significant disruption to the electronics manufacturing supply chain [3]. This materials and tech...

For obtaining good joints by soldering, a wettability of liquid metal on the solid metal surface, relatlatte, relattlated o solderability, is one of the most important factors, and the wettability is accelerated by using a suitable flux and atmosphere. In atmosphere soldering the flow of molten solder will be retarded by oxide films on base metals formed by a small amount of oxygen in atmospher...

We study how to solder two Siegel chiral bosons into one scalar field in a gravitational background. Permanent address: Instituto de F́ısica, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Brasil amorim@urhep.pas.rochester.edu clovis@urhep.pas.rochester.edu