To study the autophagy and mechanism of phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase/protein kinase B/mammalian target rapamycin signaling pathway in directional differentiation mesenchymal stem cells to provide basic research results for its application medical field is main objective study. The lung bone marrow mice were used as experimental materials. materials divided into five groups according settings n...

autophagy is a cellular process mediating degradation of bulk cytoplasm, long-lived proteins and entire organelles. in this process, double-membrane vesicles, the autophagosomes, wrap around portions of cytosol and transport them to the lysosome for degradation. several molecules participate in autophagosome nucleation and elongation, including various components of the class iii pi3k complex, ...

Background: Root to shoot connection and transfer of information seems to be taken place mostly via the transmissions of signal molecules, secondary metabolites, amino acids, hormones and proteins, through xylem sap. Examination of earlier reports is indicative of relatively high levels of conservation in xylem sap protein compositions. Apparently these protein molecules are be...

objective: prostate cancer antigen 3 (pca3) and microrna-141 (mir-141) are emerging molecules in prostate cancer (pca) pathogenesis and have been shown to be involved in androgen signaling. in this original research, we designed an experimental cell model with androgen-sensitive lncap cells to comparatively assess the extent of androgen responsiveness of pca3-mrna and mir-141 along with prostat...

introduction: the inflammatory response requires a coordinated integration of various signaling pathway including cyclooxygenase (cox). cox catalyzes the formation of prostaglandins from arachidonic acid. among prostaglandins, 15-deoxy-d12, 14-prostaglandin j2 (15d-pgj2), an endogenous ligand of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma (ppar-γ), has been demonstrated to have anti-inflam...

objective: creb1 is an important downstream protein for many signaling pathways. by designing efficient sirnas against creb1, it may be possible to assess the role of molecules involved in signaling pathways in different cell types. in this research the efficiency of creb1 knockdown by two different sirnas in k562 cells has been studied. materials and methods: sirnas have been designed accordi...

Understanding the mechanism behind probiotic action will enable a rational selection of probiotics, increase chances success in clinical studies and make it easy to substantiate health claims. However, most over years have rather focused on effects probiotics disease, whereas little is known about specific molecules that trigger hosts. This makes difficult describe detailed by which given funct...

Background: Pattern recognition receptors, especially toll-like receptors (TLRs), as the first line of defense for pathogen detection, were found to be associated with H.­ pylori infection and gastric cancer (GC). However, the expression levels of TLRs, i.e. TLR2 and TLR4, as the main receptors sensed by H.­ pylori, still remain largely ambiguous. We aimed to investigate the patterns of key tra...

Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) is a familiar toxic gas that smells of rotten eggs. After the identification of endogenous H2S in the mammalian brain two decades ago, studies of this molecule uncovered physiological roles in processes such as neuromodulation, vascular tone regulation, cytoprotection against oxidative stress, angiogenesis, anti-inflammation, and oxygen sensing. Enzymes that produce H2S, ...