sciencethe article intends to study the common denominators and intersection of the empirical sciences with and religion so as to study the instances in which religion may effect scinces. the aim is to provide foundations for the establishment of religious science. for this purpoes,with the help of literature produced in the philosophy of science ,such subjects as the mode of scientific cogniza...

Scientists increasingly find themselves at the center of contentious public policy debates over issues such as chemical regulation and climate change. The general public and politicians often expect scientific advisors to be purely objective. However, a new commentary in this issue of EHP asserts that scientific research is intrinsically inf luenced by value judgments and that researchers shoul...

Almost a hundred years ago – in 1905, to be exact – the young physicist Albert Einstein published an essay entitled “Zur Elektrodynamik bewegter Körper” in the Annalen der Physik, thereby founding the theory of relativity – and a new conception of space and time. In the very same year he proposed the hypothesis of the wave-particle, the dualistic nature of light, which led, 20 years later, to q...

The author discusses the application of the concepts of objectivity and subjectivity in ethnographic theory and research, and finds that one kind of subjectivity, that of applying a particular perspective to ethnography, is central and inevitable. Today, we acknowledge that objectivity is relative to a given perspective or preunderstanding, but the applied perspective must compete with other pe...

My intention is to cast light on the characteristics of epistemic or fundamental research (in contrast to application-oriented research). I contrast a Baconian notion of objectivity, expressing a correspondence of the views of scientists to the facts, with a pluralist notion, involving a critical debate between conflicting approaches. These conflicts include substantive hypotheses or theories b...

From Becquerel's uranium rock to Newton's proverbial rock and Fleming's serendipitous observation of penicillin, the way science is done has come to be associated often with a romanticized but highly suspect notion of objectivity. This may very well be the effect on science of inductivism and the bold claim of the proponents of inductivism that science could not possibly lead to any kind of tru...

Practices intended to increase the appearance of objectivity in grading may work at cross purposes with professional judgment. In this study, an analysis of two removable prosthodontics technique projects in one U.S. dental school found that the use of component criteria (checklist) grading was less consistent than overall judgments of the same work and less predictive of dental students' futur...