background: proton induced x-ray emission (pixe) has been applied as reliable and improved techniques in this study to compare concentration of various trace elements in normal and abnormal varicose veins. materials and methods: five samples from normal veins and 13 samples from varicose veins bombarded by 2.0 mev energy proton beams produced by a van de graff accelerator in vacuum. two specime...

background: muslim women tend to postpone their menstrual period using short course oral contraceptives (oc) during ramadan, muslims fasting month. recently, many cases of stroke, particularly cerebral vein thrombosis (cvt), have been reported in ramadan. objective: this work studies the incidence of cvt and its relation to ramadan. materials and methods: this is a cohort study conducted from o...

retinal vein occlusion (rvo) is a common retinal vascular occlusive disorder and is associated with a variety of systemic risk factors. the aim of this study was to investigate whether the underlying diseases were evaluated and managed appropriately by ophthalmologists. we performed a study of 1344 patients with retinal vein occlusion (rvo). patients were evaluated with a questionnaire includin...

conclusions the us-guided method for cvc placement was superior to the traditional landmark method in terms of access time, number of attempts, success rate, and fewer complications. objectives this study aimed to compare the traditional landmark method vs. us-guided method of cvc placement in terms of complications and success rate. patients and methods in this randomized controlled trial, pat...

In this investigation, 25 adult New Zealand White rabbits randomly selected from both sexes and studied.Coloured latex injection and corrosion cast methods were applied on the materials. This study was carried out to disclose the distribution of the cardiac veins of the New Zealand White rabbits. The veins that drain the heart were found to be the great cardiac vein, the middle cardiac vein, th...

arterial sclerosis has been extensively described but reports on venous sclerosis are very sparse. phlebosclerosis refers to the thickening and hardening of the venous wall. despite its morphological similarities with arteriosclerosis and potential morbid consequences, phlebosclerosis has gained only little attention. we report a 72 year old male with paralysis and atrophy of the right leg due ...

introduction: today, temporary or permanent venous catheters are being increasingly used in patients with renal failure. it seems a necessity to be familiar with their clinical applications and complications as well as their efficacy. the aim of this study was to compare the efficacy of two catheters of 16 cm and 20 cm lengths. methods: this research project was a descriptive, analytic study co...