Veins of the head and neck exhibiting anatomical variations or malformations are clinically significant. Anatomical variation in the external jugular vein is very common. However, anatomical variation in the retromandibular vein is rare. In this paper, we report a rare case of complete absence of the retromandibular vein. In the absence of the retromandibular vein, the maxillary vein divided in...

The branching pattern of the facial nerve varies among individuals. These variations increase the risk of facial nerve injury during parotid surgery. We report a new variation of the facial nerve and an unusual relationship with the retromandibular vein during parotid surgery.Clinicians should recognize this facial anomaly and the unusual relationship with the retromandibular vein to avoid inju...

Knowledge of anatomic variations concerning head and neck veins is important to surgeons performing interventions in these regions, as well as to radiologists. The retromandibular vein is used as a guide to expose the facial nerve branches inside the parotid gland, during parotid surgery and open reduction of mandibular condyle fractures. It is also used as a landmark for localisation of the ne...

The study of the variations in the superficial veins of head and neck and their draining pattern is very important due to the complexity in their developmental pattern. A total of 32 cadavers of both sexes were used for the study and the head and neck region were dissected carefully and photographed in the department of anatomy, Vinayaka Mission Kirupananda Variyar Medical College & Hospital, S...

objective: the purpose of this study was to compare the use of cross-sectional imaging techniques verses surgery in locating parotid masses. material and methods: our study was performed on patients assumed to have parotid masses from dec 2010 to dec 2011. before surgery, imaging studies (computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging) of parotid were done. after surgery, we compared the su...

OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study was to determine the diagnostic accuracy of using the retromandibular vein as seen on cross-sectional imaging to help differentiate superficial lobe from deep lobe tumors. METHODS Of the patients who had parotid neoplasms between January 1997 and July 2002, we were able to identify 44 patients with preoperative imaging studies that were available for evalua...

Introduction The venous drainage of head and neck is divided into superficial and deep jugular systems. The deep jugular system consists of internal jugular vein and the superficial system consists of external and anterior jugular vein. External jugular vein is formed by the union of the posterior division of retromandibular vein and the posterior auricular vein below the ear in the substance o...

Posttraumatic external carotid artery pseudoaneurysm with arteriovenous fistula is a rare condition. An 8-year-old child presented with painful pulsatile swelling in the preauricular region following a penetrating glass shrapnel injury. Detailed evaluation showed distal external carotid artery pseudoaneurysm with fistula, which was draining into the retromandibular vein. Endovascular treatment ...

T he anterior facial veins ensure the venous drainage of the face and have been used as main ve-nous pedicles for facial transplantations. The facial vein starts at the medial angle of the eye like the angular vein. Then, it runs obliquely behind the facial artery, crosses over the body of the mandible, and drains into the internal jugular vein through the thyrolinguofacial trunk. At the end of...