The objectives of this work were to develop a means of sampling atmospheric dusts on the premises of an oil refinery for electron microscopic study to carry out preliminary morphological analyses and to compare these dusts with those collected at sites beyond the refinery limits. Carbon and collodion membranes were used as a support for collection of dust particles straight on transmission elec...

The new Kennecott Utah Copper smelter, started in 1995, was designed to be the cleanest smelter environmentally in the world. The plant is operating at production rates above the original design capacity. Copper concentrate is smelted in an Outokumpu flash smelting furnace. Matte is granulated and processed using Kennecott-Outokumpu flash converting. Copper anodes are processed in a modernized ...

10.2 Historical Development In the early days of South African gold mining, the crude bullion produced had to be shipped to London for refining. The concept of a local refinery had been considered for several years before the first positive step was taken in 1909, when the Transvaal Chamber of Mines founded the Witwatersrand Co-operative Smelting Works, to treat the gold and silver bearing by-p...

background: it is believed that improved safety culture/climate is a fundamental element to accident prevention. therefore, development a scale to assess safety climate is a step towards accident control. the purpose of this study was to construct a persian safety climate questionnaire. methods: the study took place in tehran and esfahan oil refineries in iran in 2010. an initial questionnaire ...

heavy metals in high concentrations in soils are potential health risk for humans, animals, and plants. soil samples were collected in five replicates from 20 points with four land use including: roads, refineries, residential area (sadra town), and farmland. heavy metals were determined using flame atomic absorption (analyticjena), while dtpa was chosen as trace elements extractor. in this stu...

Since 1999, gasoline prices in California, Illinois and Wisconsin have spiked occasionally well above gasoline prices in nearby states. In May and June 2000, for example, gasoline prices in Chicago rose twenty eight cents per gallon to $2.13, while prices nationally rose only nine to $1.73. Several qualitative studies identify unique gasoline formulations in California, Illinois and Wisconsin a...

The vertical motion of air that enhances or restricts the atmospheric turbulence through boundary layer is known as "atmospheric stability", in which any movement components such water vapor, aerosols, etc. are affected by stability. aim this research to test effect stability on amount downward aersols flux at 10um (PM10) emission from stacks Daura refinery, and estimated deposition dust aeroso...

The city of Zarghan is located 25 km northeast of Shiraz, southern Iran. Zarghan is affected by numerous pollution sources such as oil refinery, an industrial park, and Shiraz-Tehran highway. The numerous contaminating sources around Zarghan can cause serious local air pollution. Sulfur dioxide gas is an important index of air pollution in cities. Therefore, in order to control and manage Zargh...

It is a great challenge to find efficient tools for shortterm scheduling of oil refinery processes. Although some, theoretical advancement has been made in this field, a gap between theory and applications exists. In practice, the short-term scheduling job of oil refinery processes is still done manually by planners, because of the lack of such tools. This paper briefly introduces the productio...