The ALVAC prime/ALVAC + AIDSVAX B/E boost RV144 vaccine trial induced an estimated 31% efficacy in a low-risk cohort where HIV‑1 exposures were likely at mucosal surfaces. An immune correlates study demonstrated that antibodies targeting the V2 region and in a secondary analysis antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC), in the presence of low envelope-specific (Env-specific) IgA, correla...

This study assessed the feasibility and outcomes of treating prostate cancer with intensity modulated radiotherapy (IMRT) incorporating a Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) directed boost. Seventy-eight men received IMRT for localized prostate cancer. The entire prostate received 77.4Gy in 43 fractions and simultaneous intra-prostatic boosts (SIB) of 83Gy were administered to increase the dose to...

permafrost). Of the remainder, the vast majority is groundwater, so that just 0.4 per cent of the world's total freshwater is available at the surface as lakes, soil moisture, air humidity, marshes, wetlands, rivers and biomass. And water is proving an increasingly critical component in agricultural activities. Earlier this month, the Chinese government declared an emergency for the first time ...

The efficient development of effective vaccines and therapeutics is perhaps the most challenging of the myriad promises of post-genomic biology. Fortunately, as the list of sequenced bacterial pathogens grows, so does the opportunity to use whole genome sequence as a potentially powerful tool in vaccine development. According to Rino Rappuoli, vice president of vaccine research at Chiron, genom...

could have worked. " The scientists hypothesise that interbreeding between our ancestral humans and early chimps created a third, infertile 'hybrid' species, the human equivalent of a mule, the infertile offspring of a horse and donkey. Though incapable of breeding among its own, the hybrid is believed to have survived by mating with its parent human or chimp species, before the two separated t...

Over-wintering monarch butterflies in the forests of central Mexico may be looking forward to more secure rest following an announcement by the Mexican government of a budget boost of $4.6 million per year to improve the conditions for the migrant butterflies and for the many often prominent human visitors, and to tackle illegal logging. Conservation officials said that the additional funds for...

The aim is to prospectively assess early neurocognitive outcome of children who developed cerebellar mutism syndrome (CMS) following surgical resection of a posterior fossa embryonal tumor, compared with carefully matched control patients. Children who were enrolled on an ongoing IRB-approved protocol for treatment of embryonal tumors, were diagnosed with postoperative CMS, and had completed pr...

As we know breast cancer is the second death reason in Iran. One step of treatment process is radiotherapy, which needs careful consideration of contouring and therapeutic techniques Lung, thyroid, spinal cord, trachea and humerus are sensitive organs in breast cancer radiation therapy.  The most clinical studies recommended two ways for delivering 95 percent of dose to supraclavicular and ...

BACKGROUND We investigated how varying the treatment margin and applying hippocampal sparing and proton therapy impact the risk of neurocognitive impairment in pediatric medulloblastoma patients compared with current standard 3D conformal radiotherapy. METHODS We included 17 pediatric medulloblastoma patients to represent the variability in tumor location relative to the hippocampal region. T...