We present practical poisoning and name-server blocking attacks on standard DNS resolvers, by off-path, spoofing adversaries. Our attacks exploit large DNS responses that cause IP fragmentation; such long responses are increasingly common, mainly due to the use of DNSSEC. In common scenarios, where DNSSEC is partially or incorrectly deployed, our poisoning attacks allow ‘complete’ domain hijack...

Sensitive and rapid detection of botulinum neurotoxins (BoNTs), the most poisonous substances known to date, is essential for studies of medical applications of BoNTs and detection of poisoned food, as well as for response to potential bioterrorist threats. Currently, the most common method of BoNT detection is the mouse bioassay. While this assay is sensitive, it is slow, quite expensive, has ...

Poison hemlock (Conium maculatum) is a plant that is poisonous for humans and animals. Accidental ingestion of the plant may result in central nervous system depression, respiratory failure, acute rhabdomyolysis, acute renal failure and even death. The main treatment of hemlock poisoning is supportive care. The case of a 6-year-old girl who was admitted to the emergency department with complain...

Agriculturally grown plants are potentially contaminated with poisonous weeds. Many potentially toxic plants are found in pastures and crops. Consequently, forage crops at harvest or when directly grazed may contain toxic amounts of poisonous plants. Unfortunately, efficient prevention of contamination with certain poisonous plants is not always feasible or practical, and thus, contaminated fee...

Issus coleoptratus is a small plant hopper which mainly feeds on the phloem sap from ivy. Although all parts of ivy are poisonous as the plant contains saponins, especially hederasaponins, I. coleoptratus can cope with the poison. In contrast to other animals like the stick insect Carausius morosus which accumulates saponins in its body, I. coleoptratus can degrade and disintegrate not only the...

Cats fed (CH3Hg)2SO4 developed the same findings as spontaneously affected cats fed the poisonous seafood from Minamata Bay. The organomercury compound in raw organs such as the liver, the kidney, and the bone marrow of the above animals did not transfer to chloroform , but it transferred easily to BAL. The methylmercury compound in organs of cats fed (CH3Hg)2SO4 and rats fed CH3HgI accumulated...