Water mass modification in surface-trapped, near-field river plumes is examined using a 1.5-layer reduced gravity model and a three-dimensional numerical model. Solutions to the layermodel are shown to be qualitatively similar to previous observations and three-dimensional simulations of near-field plumes. Analytic analysis of the layer model demonstrates how the near-field plume is controlledb...

A theoretical model of a volcanic plume, based on applying the equations of motion in a plume-centered coordinate system, suggests that the interaction between a volcanic plume and wind causes enhanced entrainment of air and horizontal momentum, plume bending, and a decrease in plume rise height at constant eruption rate. Because of rapid dilution in the high windspeeds of the polar jet, plumes...

Potential sputtering erosion caused by the interactions between spacecraft and plasma plume of Hall thrusters is a concern for electric propulsion. In this study, calculation model of Hall thruster’s plume and sputtering erosion is presented. The model is based on three dimensional hybrid particle-in-cell and direct simulation Monte Carlo method PIC/DSMC method which is integrated with plume-wa...

ABSTRACT: Delineation of the NAPL source zone in the vicinity of an oil burn pit (OBP) at Letterkenny Army Depot (LEAD) revealed the presence of source material on both sides of a nearby groundwater divide resulting in a bilobate plume. While the northern lobe of the plume migrating from the OBP had been well defined, the southern lobe of the plume had been previously undetected. An investigati...

During the Deepwater Horizon (DWH) oil spill in the Gulf of Mexico a deep-sea hydrocarbon plume developed resulting in a rapid succession of bacteria. Colwellia eventually supplanted Oceanospirillales, which dominated the plume early in the spill. These successional changes may have resulted, in part, from the changing composition and abundance of hydrocarbons over time. Colwellia abundance pea...

Following the collapse of the New York World Trade Center (WTC) towers on September 11, 2001, Local, State, and Federal agencies initiated numerous air monitoring activities to better understand the ongoing impacts of emissions from the disaster. The collapse of the World Trade Center towers and associated fires that lasted for several weeks resulted at times in a noticeable plume of material t...

The injected CO2 in a target formation can continue to migrate through permeable pathways due to geological heterogeneity as well as buoyancy. This movement drives a countercurrent flow of brine leading to increased residual phase trapping. The purpose of this simulation study is to understand the effects of geological structures, especially faults, on the dynamic behavior of the buoyancy-drive...

A simple one-dimensional theory is presented to assess the implantation of ions from the ion matrix sheath ~IMS! in an ablated plasma plume that is approaching a negatively biased substrate. Under the assumption that the plume geometry, the electron and ion density distributions, and the potential distribution are frozen during the IMS extraction, the implanted ion current is calculated as a fu...

A simple model for laser ablation plasma plume expansion in a background gas is presented. The expanding plume is approximated by a semi-ellipsoidal shell of infinitesimal thickness and with a mass corresponding to the amount of background gas that has been snowploughed by the shell as it expands. Furthermore, the internal pressure of the plume and external pressure of the background gas are ta...

The writers present a one-dimensional integral model to describe multiphase plumes discharged to quiescent stratified receiving waters. The model includes an empirical submodel for detrainment, and the capability to include dispersed phase dissolution. Model equations are formulated by conservation of mass, momentum, heat, dissolved species concentration, and salinity, and allow the tracking of...