The PLL equivalent augmented system incorporated with state feedback is proposed in this paper. The optimal value of filter time constant of loop filter in the phase-locked loop control system and the optimal state feedback gain designed by using linear quadratic regulator approach are derived. This approach allows the PLL control system to employ the large value of the phasefrequency gain d K ...

We have developed a wideband phase-locked loop (PLL) circuit with real-time phase correction for high-speed and accurate force measurements by frequency modulation atomic force microscopy (FM-AFM) in liquid. A high-speed operation of FM-AFM requires the use of a high frequency cantilever which, however, increases frequency-dependent phase delay caused by the signal delay within the cantilever e...

The most versatile application for digital phase locked loops is for clock generation and clock recovery in any complex computer architecture like a microprocessor or microcontroller, network processors. Digital Phase locked loops are commonly used to generate timing on chip clocks in high performance mixed signal analog and digital systems. Most of the systems employ digital PLL mainly for syn...

Jitter transfer analysis using discrete z-domain transfer functions of a high order giga-bit rate phase locked loop (PLL) is presented. An impulse invariance method that produces the same z-domain equations as that of the differential analysis is first shown for a second order loop. The condition is obtained. Then a closed form third order loop equation in discrete zdomain is derived. Stability...

In this paper, we present a 2.2-GHz low jitter PLL based on sub-sampling. It uses a phasedetector/charge-pump (PD/CP) that sub-samples the VCO output with the reference clock. In contrast to what happens in a classical PLL, the PD/CP noise is not multiplied by N in this sub-sampling PLL. Moreover, no frequency divider is needed in the locked state and hence divider noise and power can be elimin...

The Phase-Locked Loop (PLL) system is used extensively in modern electronic systems such as modems, mobile communications, satellite receivers and television systems. This work presents a method for modeling and simulation of second-order PLL in time domain to study transient behavior during frequency acquisition and tracking. Here we utilize a basic PLL system that consist a multiplier, used a...

Phase Locked Loop (PLL) is a fundamental part of radio, wireless and telecommunication technology. The goal of this document is to review the theory, design and analysis of PLL circuits. PLL is a simple negative feedback architecture that allows economic multiplication of crystal frequencies by large variable numbers. By studying the loop components and their reaction to various noise sources, ...

Based on a practical long-distance large-capacity transmission engineering case, the small-signal stability of fractional frequency system (FFTS) with Y-connected modular multi-level converter (Y-MMC) is mainly researched in this paper. Different from previous control strategies Y-MMC, paper establishes decoupling mathematical model and proposes strategies. Then, Y-MMC obtained. Considering exi...

In this paper, a multipath mitigation tracking system is presented for static GPS applications. It is comprised of four function blocks, those being (1) adaptive path estimator (APE), (2) multipath interference reproducer (MPIR), (3) Rake-based delay locked loop (RB-DLL), and (4) Rake-based phase locked loop (RB-PLL). Only the short delay condition with delay less than 1.5 PN chip is considered...

PLL Basics A phase-locked loop is a feedback system combining a voltagecontrolled oscillator and a phase comparator so connected that the oscillator frequency (or phase) accurately tracks that of an applied frequencyor phase-modulated signal. Phase-locked loops can be used, for example, to generate stable output frequency signals from a fixed low-frequency signal. The first phase-locked loops w...