The effects of task-ambient (TA) air-conditioning systems on the air-conditioning loads in small and large spaces and the thermal comfort of occupants were studied using computational fluid dynamics (CFD), pedestrian-behavior model, and refrigerating-cycle simulator. Task areas were set up to match with crowdedness as predicted by the pedestrian-behavior simulations. Subsequently, a variety of ...

High flows of road traffic noise in urban agglomerations can negatively affect the livability of squares and parks located at the neighborhood, district and city levels, therefore pushing anyone who wants to enjoy calmer, quieter areas to move to non-urban parks. Due to the distances between these areas, it is not possible to go as regularly as would be necessary to satisfy any needs. Even if c...

We analyzed the association between step counts and traffic safety indicators by multiple regression analysis. Results show that residents, especially older adults, in areas with many pedestrian streets, a high proportion of multilevel intersections, three-way intersections tend to walk more. In addition, these are found be significantly more common planned residential areas, large-scale develo...

The objective of this research is the development of pedestrian crossing choice models on the basis of road, traffic and human factors. For that purpose, a field survey was carried out, in which a panel of 75 pedestrians were asked to take 8 short walking trips (each one corresponding to a different walking and crossing scenario) in the Athens city centre in Greece, allowing to record their cro...

With the rapid improvement of geospatial data acquisition and processing techniques, a variety of geospatial databases from public or private organizations have become available. Quite often, one dataset may be superior to other datasets in one, but not all aspects. In Germany, for instance, there were three major road network vector data, viz. Tele Atlas (which is now “TOMTOM”), NAVTEQ (which ...

An important group of fatal incidents are slow-speed pedestrian non-traffic incidents to children, which account for 14% of accidental deaths from all causes in Victorian children under 5 years of age between 1985 and 1995, and 12% of pedestrian deaths of all ages. In Victoria, Australia, the database of the state Consultative Council on Obstetric and Paediatric Morbidity and Mortality was util...

Current EuroNCAP test specifications attempt to predict pedestrian lower limb injury in a lateral impact with a rigid legform test device developed by the UK's TRL (Transportation Research Lab). Research shows that the measurements taken from this device (knee bending angle, knee shear, and upper tibia acceleration) do not necessarily correspond to accurate injury prediction. Recent research su...

44 Attention to user behavior and preferences has been a helpful tool in improving road safety and 45 accident prevention in recent years. At the same time, there remain some important areas of road 46 safety and accident prevention for which user preferences have not been explored. For instance, 47 so far, road safety research has not addressed pedestrian and vulnerable user preferences with 4...