Wernicke encephalopathy is an acute encephalopathy, characterized by the triad of mental confusion, ophthalmoplegia, and gait ataxia. Many reasons have been reported in etiology that may be related to insufficient intake or malabsorption thiamine. Here, we present a case Wernicke's developed after gastric bypass surgery, whose diagnosis was delayed because there no feature other than papillary ...

Medial longitudinal fasciculus lesion; Internuclear ophthalmoplegia; Horizontal gaze abnormality; Multiple sclerosis Abstract Introduction: Lesions in medial longitudinal fasciculus (MLF) produce internuclear ophthalmoplegia (INO) with characteristic horizontal gaze abnormality. Here, the author reports a rare clinical spectrum of internuclear ophthalmoplegia called Cogan’s anterior internuclea...

Anti-N-Methyl-D-Aspartate-Receptor (NMDA-R) encephalitis is a new autoimmune disorder, often paraneoplastic in nature, presenting with complex neuropsychiatric symptoms. Diagnosed serologically, this disorder is often responsive to immunosuppressant treatment. We here in report the case of a 56-year-old man with anti NMDA-R encephalitis presenting initially with disorientation and hallucinati...

conclusions primary dysmenorrhea is a common problem in iran however, there are only a few studies regarding secondary dysmenorrhea prevalence. moreover, there is a significant variation between the results of the studies on the primary dysmenorrhea prevalence. therefore, further evidence-based data on national studies is needed to estimate the exact estimation of dysmenorrhea prevalence in ira...

A 72-year-old woman presented with acute onset of double vision, bilateral complete blepharoptosis, and nearly complete ophthalmoplegia. Orbital and brain magnetic resonance imaging were normal. Further investigation revealed bicytopenia with hepatosplenomegaly. Liver biopsy revealed mantle cell lymphoma. Cytology later showed the presence of mantle cells in cerebrospinal fluid analysis. Her op...

Miller Fisher Syndrome (MFS) is an acquired disease of nervous system which is considered as a rare variant of Guillain-Barré Syndrome (GBS). Collier first described in 1932 as a variant of the Guillain-Barre syndrome with the triad of ataxia, areflexia and ophthalmoplegia. Charles Miller Fisher in 1956 described 3 patients with the symptoms of sluggish pupillary reflexes, acute external ophtha...