Dynamic information about a program has many uses, such as aiding the programmer in debugging or optimizing his code, helping make code more secure, or helping hardware and systems designers make organizational or tradeoff decisions. Program information is available through a variety of approaches, including visual inspection of the code or its output, compiler output, hardware counters, debugg...

The advent of multicore processors has made concurrent programming languages mandatory. However, most concurrent programming models come with two major pitfalls: non-determinism and deadlocks. By determinism, we mean the output behavior of the program is independent of the scheduling choices (e.g., the operating system) and depends only on the input behavior. A few concurrent programming models...

The meaning of a program is given by specifying the function (from input to output) that corresponds to the program. The denotational semantic definition, thus maps syntactical things into functions. A relational semantics is a mapping of programs to relations. We consider that the input-output semantics of a program is given by a relation on its set of states. In a nondeterministic context, th...

Incrementalization is at the core of a systematic program design method, especially for the design of algorithms and data structures. It takes a function and an input change operation and yields an incremental function that computes each new output by using the old output and additional values. It is the analogue of differentiation in continuous domains. This article gives an overview of a syst...

the sources of output growth of iranian agriculture over the years 1986-2001 has been examined, using a decomposition method within the input-output (io) framework. the three comparable io tables of 1986, 1991, and 2001 have been employed as the main data sources. output changes from a demand side perspective, and decomposition of the growth of output into components attributable to consumption...

IBM PC/XT/AT and compatibles users of the popular graphics program Sigma-plot by Jandel Scientific (reviewed in Yale J Biol Med 61:174-175, 1988), who have recently acquired an HP Laserjet printer, may be surprised and disappointed. This program, which has performed so well for so many users of dot matrix printers and plotters, is abysmally slow when using a laser printer (output times in exces...

one of the distinguishing features of implementation research is the importance given to involve implementers in all aspects of research, and as users of research. we report on a recent implementation research effort in india, in which researchers worked together with program implementers from one of the longest serving government funded insurance schemes in india, the rajiv aarogyasri scheme (...

DIALIGN is a widely used software tool for multiple DNA and protein sequence alignment. The program combines local and global alignment features and can therefore be applied to sequence data that cannot be correctly aligned by more traditional approaches. DIALIGN is available online through Bielefeld Bioinformatics Server (BiBiServ). The downloadable version of the program offers several new pr...