The proliferation of surge-protective devices and switch-mode power supplies has radically changed the surge environment in the low-voltage AC mains. Monitoring surge voltages has lost significance and can be misleading. Instead, surge currents should be monitored. The paper describes the performance of a silicon-based surge-protective device acting as a "magnet" for impinging surges in the pre...

Based on the proliferation of surge-protective devices in low-voltage end-user installations, the paper draws attention to the need for changing focus from surge voltage measurements to surge current measurements. One proposed approach was to develop a simple transducer measuring the surge current that would be drawn in an SPD with low clamping voltage connected to the circuit to be monitored. ...

Power converters in the accelerator context are often required to deliver a performance that is unusual in an industrial context. This paper deals with some of the important aspects of high-precision output voltage and current control and in particular the current measurement transducers and their application.

This report describes a level shifter with crowbar current suppression is proposed to achieve simultaneously high switching speed and low power dissipation for high-voltage transducer driving. Unlike prior implementations, the new circuit does not require additional high-voltage supplies nor static power consumption. The prototype switches up to 32 V with only 1.8 V input consuming less than 0....

BACKGROUND The ultrasonic transducer is one of the core components of ultrasound systems, and the transducer's sensitivity is significantly related the loss of electronic components such as the transmitter, receiver, and protection circuit. In an ultrasonic device, protection circuits are commonly used to isolate the electrical noise between an ultrasound transmitter and transducer and to minim...

The pull-in voltage of a parallel plate electrostatic transducer is used to determine the amount of over-etching in fabricated devices. A detailed analysis of the capacitor behaviour over the full displacement range yields a model, which is used to describe the relation between over-etching and measured pull-in voltage. SEM photos confirm the over-etching measurement based on pull-in voltage. T...

ArcLight is a genetically encoded fluorescent voltage sensor using the voltage-sensing domain of the voltage-sensing phosphatase from Ciona intestinalis that gives a large but slow-responding optical signal in response to changes in membrane potential (Jin et al., 2012). Fluorescent voltage sensors using the voltage-sensing domain from other species give faster yet weaker optical signals (Baker...