In this paper, we propose an occupant sensing system using the sensor fusion composing of PIR (pyroelectric infrared) sensor, USD (ultrasonic distance) sensor and IRD (infrared distance) sensor for the smart airbag. These sensors are used to detect the position and body classification of occupants. By mounting these sensors within vehicles jig, the proposed system is experimentally evaluated in...

Because most people spend more than 90% of their time indoors, predicting exposure to airborne pollutants requires models that incorporate the effect of buildings. Buildings affect the exposure of their occupants in a number of ways, both by design (for example, filters in ventilation systems remove particles) and incidentally (for example, sorption on walls can reduce peak concentrations, but ...

A survey among 127 wheelchair users was conducted to characterize wheelchair occupant restraint usage patterns, restraint deficiencies, user characteristics, and essential wheelchair occupant restraint design parameters for when individuals travel in motor vehicles while seated in their wheelchairs. Survey respondents value independent travel and seem generally interested in the use of an occup...

In road traffic accidents, a car-seat and its occupant can be subjected to various crash pulses in the case of a rear impact. This study investigates the influence of crash pulse shape on seat-occupant response and evaluates the corresponding risk of whiplash injury. For this purpose, a rigorously validated seat-occupant system model is used to study different carseat designs and crash pulses. ...

An Occupant Classification System (OCS) that detects the existence and physique of the passenger seat occupant for the Advanced Air Bag requirements of FMVSS208 was developed. This paper describes an OCS which distinguishes small women (5th percentile adult female dummy: AF05) from young children (less than 6-yearold child dummy: AC06) pertaining to the following items. (1) The reason of classi...

Occupant-centric control (OCC) strategies represent a novel approach for indoor climate in which occupancy patterns and occupant preferences are embedded within sequences. They aim to improve comfort energy efficiency by learning predicting behaviour (OB), then optimizing building operations accordingly. Previous studies estimate that OCC can increase savings up 60% while improving comfort. How...

In this paper, the application of soft computing techniques in prediction of an occupant’s behaviour in an inhabited intelligent environment is addressed. In this research, daily activities of elderly people who live in their own homes suffering from dementia are studied. Occupancy sensors are used to extract the movement patterns of the occupant. The occupancy data is then converted into tempo...

Many wheelchair users must travel in motor vehicles while seated in their wheelchairs. The safety features of seat assemblies are key to motor vehicle occupant crash protection. Seating system properties such as strength, stiffness, and energy absorbance have been shown to have significant influence on risk of submarining. This study investigated the effects of wheelchair seat stiffness and ene...

Two full-frontal Crash Injury Research and Engineering Network (CIREN) motor vehicle crashes (MVCs) were reconstructed using finite element (FE) models. A FE simplified vehicle model (SVM) was tuned to mimic the frontal crash response of the CIREN case vehicle using frontal NCAP crash test data. The Total HUman Model for Safety (THUMS) was positioned in 120 pre-crash configurations per case wit...

Objective: The current study is aimed at evaluating the effect of active muscle on the dynamics of the pre-impact bracing car occupant using numerical simulations. The objective of the study includes identifying the sensitivity of occupant injury metrics to the level of pre-impact bracing action. Problem Outline: Bracing or pre-impact muscle tensing, one of the key reflexive actions adopted fre...