We compare a full-year (2006) record of surface air NO2 concentrations measured in Israeli cities to coinciding retrievals of tropospheric NO2 columns from satellite sensors (SCIAMACHY aboard ENVISAT and OMI aboard Aura). This provides a large statistical data set for validation of NO2 satellite measurements in urban air, where validation 5 is difficult yet crucial for using these measurements ...

AIMS AND BACKGROUND To investigate the clinicopathological characteristics and prognosis of breast cancer subtypes classified by quantitative estrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PR), and Her2. METHODS AND STUDY DESIGN 923 patients with primary breast cancer having a median age of 53 years who were treated at the Cancer Hospital of Fudan University in Shanghai between January 2002 a...

Uptake of environmental NO2- by most freshwater fishes occurs at the gills where NO2- is actively transported into the blood by the Cl- uptake pathway. Some freshwater fishes do not concentrate NO2- in their plasma, regardless of environmental NO2- exposure and exhibit a high degree of resistance to NO2-. Recent studies indicate that freshwater-adapted killifish (Fundulidae: Fundulus heteroclit...

The quasar HE 0047−1756, at z = 1.67, is found to be split into two images 1. ′′44 apart by an intervening galaxy acting as a gravitational lens. The flux ratio for the two components is roughly 3.5:1, depending slightly upon wavelength. The lensing galaxy is seen on images obtained at 800 nm and 2.1 μm; there is also a nearby faint object which may be responsible for some shear. The spectra of...

The acute influence of NO2 on mechanics of breathing and respiratory gas exchange was investigated in a total of 111 subjects, aged 25 to 74 years, with chronic nonspecific lung disease (CNSLD). They breathed NO2-air mixtures containing 0.5 to 8.0 ppm NO2 for up to 15 to 60 min. Additionally in nine subjects the protective action of atropine, meclastine, and orciprenaline was investigated. Whil...

[1] Chemistry Transport Models (CTMs) tend to underestimate very severely NO2 concentrations in the polar lower stratosphere during the winter suggesting that either the NOx sink is overestimated or a source of NOx is missing in models. We study the night-time decay of polar NO2 because it is controlled by the reaction between NO2 and O3 which is thought to be the main NOx sink at high latitude...

Eleven mild atopic asthmatic patients were exposed for 6 h, in randomized order, to air, 100 ppb O3, 200 ppb NO2, and 100 ppb O3 + 200 ppb NO2, followed immediately by bronchial allergen challenge. Subsequently 10 of these patients were exposed for 3 h to air, 200 ppb O3, 400 ppb NO2, and 200 ppb O3 + 400 ppb NO2, followed immediately by bronchial allergen challenge. All exposures were carried ...

Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a chronic relapsing, pruritic, inflammatory skin disease, which results from a complex interplay between genetic and environmental factors. Defensins are broadly dispersed family of antimicrobial peptides which are classified into 2 distinct families: the alpha-defensins and the beta-defensins. The primary function of defensins is to protect the skin from invasion by f...

A sensitive NO2- biosensor that is based on bacterial reduction of NO2- to N2O and subsequent detection of the N2O by a built-in electrochemical N2O sensor was developed. Four different denitrifying organisms lacking NO3- reductase activity were assessed for use in the biosensor. The relevant physiological aspects examined included denitrifying characteristics, growth rate, NO2- tolerance, and ...