Dislocation locking experiments have been used to investigate nitrogen-doped float-zone silicon (NFZ-Si). Experiments on NFZ-Si with a nitrogen concentration of 2.2 × 10 cm were carried out at different annealing temperatures (550–830 °C) for different annealing times (0–1500 hours) and experiments on NFZ-Si with a nitrogen concentration of 3 × 10 cm were carried out at 600 °C for 0–1200 hours....

Symbiotic nitrogen fixation, the process whereby nitrogen-fixing bacteria enter into associations with plants, provides the major source of nitrogen for the biosphere. Nitrogenase, a bacterial enzyme, catalyzes the reduction of atmospheric dinitrogen to ammonium. In rhizobia-leguminous plant symbioses, the current model of nitrogen transfer from the symbiotic form of the bacteria, called a bact...

Ti-6Al-4V alloys consisting of α-Ti grains and intergranular β-Ti islands were nitrided at 850°C for 1 to 12 h under a nitrogen pressure of 1 Pa. With increasing nitriding time, the Ti-N compound layer became thicker, and the α-Ti diffusion zone containing dissolved nitrogen became wider. In the Ti-N compound layer, the initially formed Ti2N became TiN as the nitriding progressed. The nitride l...

In recent years, the study of partial differential equations on self-similar fractals has attracted increasing interest (see, for example, [7–9, 13, 14]). We investigate a class of nonlinear diffusions with source terms on general metric measure spaces. Diffusion is of fundamental importance in many areas of physics, chemistry and biology. Applications of diffusion include sintering, i.e. makin...

This review article presents 3 theories related to ligand diffusion, general anesthesia and sleep. The first theory describes the diffusion of molecules across a protein surface to a receptor. It is based on the effect of the amino acid side chains on the protein surface on the structure of bulk water nearby. This influence creates pathways, called chreodes, through the water near the protein s...

The use of a two-chamber, sealed microdiffusion apparatus has been investigated for the determination of protein nitrogen on samples containing 0.5 mg. protein. The apparatus is constructed from a ground-glass ball-and-socket joint, and all operations including digestion are performed in the designed apparatus. The method has been applied to the determination of nitrogen in tobacco mosaic virus...