Examination of the available joint toxic action data, presented in Section 2.2, reveals that no health effects data are available for the complete mixture, or for ternary submixtures. Because suitable toxicity data, joint action models, and PBPK models are lacking for the complete mixture, the recommended approach for the exposure-based assessment of joint toxic action of this mixture is to use...

Introduction Veterinary drugs are widely used to prevent the outbreak of disease in livestock and are commonly administered as feed additives or in drinking water. In addition, veterinary drugs are given to treat diseases, for drying-off purposes, or to prevent losses during transportation. Many countries, such as the United States and those in the European Union, have set maximum residue limit...

Advances in both sensitivity and specificity of analytical chemistry have made it possible to quantify substances in human biological specimens, such as blood, urine, and breast milk, in specimen volumes that are practical for collection from individuals. Research laboratories led by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) in its series National Report on Human Exposure to Environm...

Objective: Pesticides are used worldwide. They are applied during the growing season and part of the amount may remain in or on treated crop. Pesticides can drift to nearby areas and contaminate crops that were not treated. The MRLs are the maximum amount of a pesticide permitted in or on food (& feed), expressed in mg/kg or ppm and always defined for the active substance – crop combination. MR...

Extensive distribution of hazardous substances in food chain and the deleterious effect of their residues on public health are a great concern of the society. Chicken eggs, as one of the most popular food commodities, in different parts of Tehran (Iran) were analyzed for two groups of hazardous substances including some organochlorine pesticides (OC) such as aldrin, lindane, dieldrin, dichlorod...

A method using liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry has been developed for the determination of clomeprop and its metabolite clomeprop acid in livestock and seafood products. Clomeprop and clomeprop acid were extracted with acetone-n-hexane mixture under acidic conditions, and were defatted by liquid-liquid separation using acetonitrile and n-hexane, followed cleanup with SAX and...

The existing optimal design of the fixed sampling interval S2-EWMA control chart to monitor the sample variance of a process is based on the average run length (ARL) criterion. Since the shape of the run length distribution changes with the magnitude of the shift in the variance, the median run length (MRL) gives a more meaningful explanation about the in-control and out-of-control performances...

Parsing texts into universal dependencies (UD) in realistic scenarios requires infrastructure for morphological analysis and disambiguation (MA&D) of typologically different languages as a first tier. MA&D is particularly challenging in morphologically rich languages (MRLs), where the ambiguous space-delimited tokens ought to be disambiguated with respect to their constituent morphemes. Here we...

A multi pesticide residues analysis was carried out for farmgate samples of okra fruits from four markets places of Meerut region. The okra fruits samples were analyzed for monocrotophos, chlorpyriphos, dimethoate. Okra vegetable was analyzed for pesticide residues using multiresidue analysis by GLC. It was observed that 39.0% of the samples were contaminated residues below MRL three pesticides...

A rapid, high-throughput method employing ultra-performance liquid chromatography with tandem quadrupole mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS) was developed and optimized for simultaneous quantification and confirmation of 64 pesticide residues and their toxic metabolites in fruit extracts prepared by a buffered QuEChERS procedure. The total time required for UPLC-MS/MS analysis was 8 min plus 2 min f...