The cuticle covers the aerial portions of land plants. It consists of amorphous intracuticular wax embedded in cutin polymer, and epicuticular wax crystalloids that coat the outer plant surface and impart a whitish appearance. Cuticular wax is mainly composed of long-chain aliphatic compounds derived from very long chain fatty acids. Wax biosynthesis begins with fatty acid synthesis in the plas...

INTRODUCTION Bone wax is sometimes used in a variety of surgical procedures as a haemostatic. Bone wax contains beeswax softened with isopropyl palmitate or paraffin. It is nonabsorbable with no biochemical action. It achieves haemostasis by occluding the blood channels mechanically. Once applied it essentially never goes away. Bone wax reactions have been reported in literature many times. C...

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Bone wax is a hemostatic agent that has been reported in some instances to migrate into the sigmoid sinus following posterior fossa surgery. The purpose of this study was to characterize the CT and MR imaging findings of this entity. MATERIALS AND METHODS The study included 212 consecutive patients who underwent posterior fossa surgery and postoperative CT and contrast-...

AIM To investigate the relation between use of bone wax and postoperative sternal dehiscence after cardiac surgery. MATERIAL AND METHODS Five thousnad three hundred and eighteen consecutive patients who underwent cardiac surgery between 1999 and 2009 were evaluated prospectively. Perioperative use of bone wax, perioperative data and outcome parameters were recorded. Multivariate logistic regr...

Background Biotechnology enables the production of high-valued industrial feedstocks from plant seed oil. The plant-derived wax esters with long-chain monounsaturated acyl moieties, like oleyl oleate, have favorite properties for lubrication. For biosynthesis of wax esters using acyl-CoA substrates, expressions of a fatty acyl reductase (FAR) and a wax synthase (WS) in seeds are sufficient. R...

The wood protective action of citrus wax, a waste from the citrus industry that is a mixture of citrus fruit epicuticular waxes and essential oils, was evaluated against the termite Cryptotermes brevis Walker (Isoptera: Kalotermitidae). The antifeedant index (AI) of the total wax and fractions was calculated. The total citrus wax exhibited an AI₅₀ value of 24.69 mg/cm³, the wax after hydrodisti...

Alpine meadow ecosystems are susceptible to climate changes. Still, climate impact on cuticular wax in alpine meadow plants is poorly understood. Assessing the variations of cuticular wax in alpine meadow plants across different latitudes might be useful for predicting how they may respond to climate change. We studied nine alpine meadows in a climate gradient in the east side of Qinghai-Tibeta...

We present a physically-inspired model of wax crayons, which synthesizes drawings from collections of userspecified strokes. Paper is represented by a height-field texture, and a crayon is modelled with a 2D mask that evolves as it interacts with the paper. The amount of wax deposition is computed based on the crayon contact profile, contact force, and friction. Previously deposited wax is smea...

Wax deposits related to flow assurance are a costly problem in oil production many fields around the world. Modeling of this process is main tool for creating and optimizing methods deal with problem. This paper considers new empirical model formation these deposits, based on results an array laboratory studies, theoretical data technological calculations presented. The created technique takes ...

In regions with a humid summer climate, the use of water-soluble bait to control apple maggot is often limited by rainfall. We studied increasing the rainfastness of GF-120 fruit ßy bait by adding parafÞn wax emulsion. First, we veriÞed that adding 10% wax to a mixture containing 16.7% GF-120 did not reduce the mortality of female apple maggot compared with GF-120 without wax. In addition, we d...